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ASC 408G: Swine > Exam 2: Sperm collection > Flashcards

Exam 2: Sperm collection Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two ways we can collect sperm

A

mounting a sow/gilt in estrus (rare)

mounting a dummy sow (more common)

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2
Q

How is sperm collected using the mounting a sow/gilt in the estrus method

A

boar mount gilt/sow

penis is diverted from female to collection vesicle

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3
Q

collecting using the mounting a dummy sow

A

preferred

boar is trained to mount dummy

most boar studs have separate collection area and pen

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4
Q

problems with using mounting a sow/gilt in the estrus method

A

not as hygienic

difficult to do

boar may be too big for female

sows may walk around pen

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5
Q

pros of using the mounting a dummy sow method

A

female not required
adjustable height
good footing around the dummy makes it easier for boar
cleaner
can be cleaned
saliva from previous boar can help with arousal

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6
Q

after the boar has mounted the dummy, what needs cleaned

A

preputial opening and surrounding areas need cleaned with disposable wipe

hair may need to be trimmed

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7
Q

after the boar has mounted the dummy, what needs to be cleaned

A

preputial opening and surrounding areas need cleaned with disposable wipe

hair may need to be trimmed

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8
Q

why does the collector wear 2 pairs of gloves

A

the collector will massage the penis through the prepuce and evacuate preputial fluids in the prepuce

once boar extends his penis out of his sheath and thrust, the 1st pair comes off

then with the second pair of gloves on, the collector will grab the penis and apply pressure

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9
Q

the first few jets of ejaculate function to

A

flush out the urethra

should be allowed to go to the ground

clear, watery containing NO SPERM and HIGH BACTERIA

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10
Q

what is a common collection vesicle used in sperm collection

A

pre-warmed (100F) insulated thermos or styrofoam cup with a filter

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11
Q

should the gel-like fraction be filtered out of ejaculated

A

YES

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12
Q

a minimum of _____________ minutes is necessary for a boar to complete ejaculation with the average being ___________ minutes

A

5-7
7-15

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13
Q

Ejaculate volume can vary depending on

A

boar’s age
boars size
collection technique
frequency of technique

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14
Q

the complete process of collection

A
  1. boar investigates and mounts dummy
  2. prepuce cleaned
  3. massage prepuce
  4. remove the outer glove
  5. collector applies pressure to the corkscrew portion of the penis once extended from the sheath (uniform pressure, hold perpendicular)
  6. first part of ejaculate is discarded
  7. once thrusting stops, start collection
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15
Q

T/F latex kills sperm

A

TRUE

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16
Q

after sperm collection is complete, what is done

A

it is sent to the lab for evaluation and processing

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17
Q

high quality boar semen is essential for obtaining

A

satisfactory fertility rates

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18
Q

standard test uses to evaluate boar semen quality include

A

motility
morphology
concentration

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19
Q

normal semen appearance/consistency

A

milky, creamy consistancy

20
Q

normal semen color

A

grey-white to white in color

**yellow, red= infection

21
Q

normal semen total volume

A

200-400 mL

22
Q

normal semen total sperm numbers

A

60-130 billion

**young= ~40 billion
**# drop if sick

23
Q

normal semen: motile sperm

A

80%

24
Q

normal semen: cytoplasmic droplets

A

less than 15%

25
Q

what is a cytoplasmic droplet and what causes it

A

extra fluid at tail and head

caused by injury, heat stress, general stress

26
Q

examples of sperm morphology problems

A

short
detached
coiled tail
bent tail

27
Q

factors that influence sperm quality

A

breeds/lines
testicle size and weight
age
sperm abnormalities
social
season
temp

28
Q

how does temp affect sperm quality

A

14 and lower impacts fertility because too much body heat is used to stay warm

85 or higher reduces production and motility causing higher protein in semen and reduced shelf life

29
Q

how does season affect sperm quality

A

highest production: September - February
lowest production: march - august

30
Q

what is the most important factor in terms of sperm development

A

temperature

31
Q

how does social affect sperm quality

A

physical isolation lowers ejaculate quantity

32
Q

how does sperm abnormalities affect sperm quality?

A

takes 14 days to appear in ejaculate formed during time of stress or injury to travel to epididymis

length of appearance in ejaculate depends on severity and length of stress

cytoplasmic droplets frequently seen in boars experiencing heat stress

33
Q

how does age affect sperm quality

A

boars under 1yr: collect once a week

boars over a 1yr: collect 2x week (can decrease morph and fertility)

old boars (6+): more sperm abnormalities
lower conception rates
smaller litters

34
Q

how does testicle size and weight affect sperm quality

A

weight:
correlated to sperm output
correlated to the level of testosterone produced

size (length and width):
related to the age of puberty in male and female offspring
no relation to sperm production or fertility

35
Q

how does breed/lines affect sperm quality

A

meishan: more motile sperm earlier than U.S and europen breeds

maternal= normally more sperm

36
Q

3 main ways of semen processing

A

extended (most common)
pooled
semen from a particular boar

37
Q

why is extended semen used most often

A

can be used up to 10 days post collection

greatest farrowing rate and litter size in achieved within 24-48 hours after collection

increases shelf life

increases number of doses

38
Q

what do extender packages have in them

A

normally a powder
glucose (food for sperm)
sodium citrate
sodium bicarbonate (buffer)
antibiotics (prevent bacterial growth)

39
Q

total number of sperm/dose of extended semen ranges from

A

2-6 billion

1 dose= 60-120mL

40
Q

how is extended sperm packaged/stored

A

bags, bottles, tubes

avg dose= 65-85ml

store in dark place 57-64 degrees

gently agitate/rotate at least 2x/ day

41
Q

what is pooled semen

A

mixing semen from different (similar lines or genetics) boars for processing semen for AI

3-6 ejaculates are pooled

used in COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION ONLY

42
Q

why is pooled semen good

A

3-6 ejaculates
increase lab efficiency
reduces fertility differences of boars
less expensive

43
Q

semen from a particular boar is used in

A

purebred operations where producers need to know the exact lineage of offspring

44
Q

why dont we normally freeze sperm with pigs

A

doesnt freeze well
bad fertility rates
no genetics to fall back on

45
Q

do we use raw semen

A

NO

ASC 408G: Swine (37 decks)

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