EXAM 2:Reproductive anatomy/physiology- MALE

Question 1

The reproductive efficiency of a breeding herd depends on the _________ of the boar

Answer 1

fertility

Question 2

What is the primary mechanism through which genetic improvements can efficiently be accomplished

Answer 2

Boar DNA

Question 3

The male repro tract is supported by the __________ and is housed internally in the _____________ and outside the abdominal cavity in the region of the groin

Answer 3

pelvis
abdomen

Question 4

The testes of the boar are ______ and produce______________

Answer 4

paired
sperm and hormones

Question 5

Sperm cells are only produced within the ________________; all the separate sperm-producing tubes eventually converge into a single collection tube called _________ which exit the boar’s testes and enter the ______________

Answer 5

seminiferous tubules
rete testes
epididymis

Question 6

what is significant about swine male anatomy

Answer 6

anatomically upside down (epididymis head at the bottom of teste)

Question 7

highly coiled tube that is sectioned into 3 parts and is where sperm is stored

Answer 7

epididymis

Question 8

3 parts of the epididymis

Answer 8

head (capcut)
body (corpus)
tail (cauda)

Question 9

what occurs in the head of the epididymis

Answer 9

Sperm are not fertile

sperm incorporates proteins into the membrane

Question 10

What occurs in the body of the epididymis

Answer 10

gain capacity for tail movement

move into body by fluid and smooth muscle contractions

Question 11

what occurs in the tail of the epididymis

Answer 11

additional proteins are added

in a concentrated form

once diluted, motile and fertile

Question 12

total time needed for a sperm cell to begin development until it appears in the ejaculate is around ____________ days

Answer 12

45

Question 13

Testicles are contained in a pouch called the ________

Answer 13

scrotum

Question 14

What structure of the male anatomy serves as protection and temperature regulation

Answer 14

scrotum

Question 15

the scrotum must regulate the testes temp about __________ degrees lower than body temp

Answer 15

3.5

Question 16

muscles surrounding the scrotum

Answer 16

tunica dartos

Question 17

what happens when the tunica dartos is cold vs. hot

Answer 17

cold= contracts= decrease surface area (WRINKLED)

hot/warm= relax= increase surface area (SMOOTH)

Question 18

low amounts of subcutaneous fat in the scrotum aids in ____________

Answer 18

cooling

Question 19

cord-like attachment that connects the testes to other internal components of the male repro system

Answer 19

spermatic cord

Question 20

the spermatic cord passes through a small opening of the abdominal wall called the __________________

Answer 20

inguinal canal

Question 21

Spermatic cord serves as a passageway for

Answer 21

blood vessels
nerves
muscular system

Question 22

intertwining arterial and venous blood vessels that is part of the spermatic cord

Answer 22

pampiniform plexus

Question 23

in the pampiniform plexus, a ___________________ exchange system occurs in the pampiniform plexus between arterial and venous blood

This exchange is responsible for high testosterone in the testis and maintaining testicular temp

Answer 23

counter current

warmed arterial blood entering the testes is cooled by the returning venous blood leaving testes (cool blood from 102 to 98 before entering testes)

Question 24

Found in the spermatic cord that contracts or relaxes to to pull testes closer to the body in cold weather or let them hang further away

Answer 24

cremaster muscle

hot=relaxed
cold= contract

Question 25

tube-like structure that leaves the testicle to become part of the spermatic cord and pass through the inguinal canal and enter the abdomen

Answer 25

vas deferns **2 of them, 1 off each tail of epididymis

Question 26

what does the vas deferns do

Answer 26

transport sperm connects to tail of epididymis

Question 27

responsible for the transport of semen and urine

Answer 27

urethra

Question 28

what does the urethra do

Answer 28

a singular tube connects vas deferns at the neck of the bladder relaxation of muscles allows urine to enter (prevented during ejaculation) fluids (semen) added to sperm in the urethra

Question 29

What are the three accessory sex glands associated with boars repro tract

Answer 29

prostate gland seminal vesicles bulbourethral gland (Cowper's gland)

Question 30

what are the functions of the accessory glands

Answer 30

add volume to dilute sperm stimulate motility provide fluid medium for ejaculation

Question 31

first accessory gland that meets the urethra

Answer 31

prostate

Question 32

what does the prostate do

Answer 32

secretes alkaline fluis washes out urine and bacteria responsible for odor

Question 33

Accessory sex gland that produces most of the volume, energy source, buffers, and ions found in semen

Answer 33

seminal vesicles

Question 34

what are the two energy sources added by the seminal vesicles

Answer 34

citric acid fructose

Question 35

Seminal vesicles produce prostaglandins that aid in

Answer 35

sperm movement

Question 36

Buffers in semen are responsible for

Answer 36

immunosuppression of the sows tract after breeding in order to prevent sperm from being destroyed before fertilization

Question 37

how much water is in the ejaculate

Answer 37

94-98%

Question 38

role of the bulbourethral glands

Answer 38

produce gel-like substance predominately at end of ejaculation seals the ejaculate in the female following natural service

Question 39

The _________________ pulls the penis back into the male when the erection or ejaculation is finished

Answer 39

retractor penis muscle contracted: inside body relaxed: outside body

Question 40

The ______________ is the bend in the penis that works with the retractor penis muscle

Answer 40

sigmoid flexture

Question 41

role of the fibroelastic structure

Answer 41

the shape matches the cervical structure in the female extends through the prepuce supplied with blood and nerves

Question 42

role of preputial diverticulum (prepuce)

Answer 42

accumulates urine and skin cells must be emptied before sperm collection

Question 43

the process of repro in boars is initiated and regulated by ________________ in the brain

Answer 43

hormones

Question 44

The hypothalamus serves as both a _________ and __________ organ

Answer 44

neural endocrine

Question 45

in response to stimuli what hormone does the hypothalamus release

Answer 45

GnRH

Question 46

GnRH is responsible for releasing _________ and __________ from the pituitary gland

Answer 46

FSH LH

Question 47

FSH stimulates

Answer 47

sperm production (spermatogenesis)

Question 48

LH initiates

Answer 48

testosterone production by leydig cells

Question 49

The hormones produced by the testes are

Answer 49

testosterone estrogen inhibin

Question 50

stimuli that affect the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus are

Answer 50

**age **weight nutritional level season of the year environmental temperature ** main reasons