EXAM 2:Reproductive anatomy/physiology- MALE Flashcards
The reproductive efficiency of a breeding herd depends on the _________ of the boar
fertility
What is the primary mechanism through which genetic improvements can efficiently be accomplished
Boar DNA
The male repro tract is supported by the __________ and is housed internally in the _____________ and outside the abdominal cavity in the region of the groin
pelvis
abdomen
The testes of the boar are ______ and produce______________
paired
sperm and hormones
Sperm cells are only produced within the ________________; all the separate sperm-producing tubes eventually converge into a single collection tube called _________ which exit the boar’s testes and enter the ______________
seminiferous tubules
rete testes
epididymis
what is significant about swine male anatomy
anatomically upside down (epididymis head at the bottom of teste)
highly coiled tube that is sectioned into 3 parts and is where sperm is stored
epididymis
3 parts of the epididymis
head (capcut)
body (corpus)
tail (cauda)
what occurs in the head of the epididymis
Sperm are not fertile
sperm incorporates proteins into the membrane
What occurs in the body of the epididymis
gain capacity for tail movement
move into body by fluid and smooth muscle contractions
what occurs in the tail of the epididymis
additional proteins are added
in a concentrated form
once diluted, motile and fertile
total time needed for a sperm cell to begin development until it appears in the ejaculate is around ____________ days
45
Testicles are contained in a pouch called the ________
scrotum
What structure of the male anatomy serves as protection and temperature regulation
scrotum
the scrotum must regulate the testes temp about __________ degrees lower than body temp
3.5
muscles surrounding the scrotum
tunica dartos
what happens when the tunica dartos is cold vs. hot
cold= contracts= decrease surface area (WRINKLED)
hot/warm= relax= increase surface area (SMOOTH)
low amounts of subcutaneous fat in the scrotum aids in ____________
cooling
cord-like attachment that connects the testes to other internal components of the male repro system
spermatic cord
the spermatic cord passes through a small opening of the abdominal wall called the __________________
inguinal canal
Spermatic cord serves as a passageway for
blood vessels
nerves
muscular system
intertwining arterial and venous blood vessels that is part of the spermatic cord
pampiniform plexus
in the pampiniform plexus, a ___________________ exchange system occurs in the pampiniform plexus between arterial and venous blood
This exchange is responsible for high testosterone in the testis and maintaining testicular temp
counter current
warmed arterial blood entering the testes is cooled by the returning venous blood leaving testes (cool blood from 102 to 98 before entering testes)
Found in the spermatic cord that contracts or relaxes to to pull testes closer to the body in cold weather or let them hang further away
cremaster muscle
hot=relaxed
cold= contract
tube-like structure that leaves the testicle to become part of the spermatic cord and pass through the inguinal canal and enter the abdomen
vas deferns
**2 of them, 1 off each tail of epididymis
what does the vas deferns do
transport sperm
connects to tail of epididymis
responsible for the transport of semen and urine
urethra
what does the urethra do
a singular tube connects vas deferns at the neck of the bladder
relaxation of muscles allows urine to enter (prevented during ejaculation)
fluids (semen) added to sperm in the urethra
What are the three accessory sex glands associated with boars repro tract
prostate gland
seminal vesicles
bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s gland)
what are the functions of the accessory glands
add volume to dilute sperm
stimulate motility
provide fluid medium for ejaculation
first accessory gland that meets the urethra
prostate
what does the prostate do
secretes alkaline fluis
washes out urine and bacteria
responsible for odor
Accessory sex gland that produces most of the volume, energy source, buffers, and ions found in semen
seminal vesicles
what are the two energy sources added by the seminal vesicles
citric acid
fructose
Seminal vesicles produce prostaglandins that aid in
sperm movement
Buffers in semen are responsible for
immunosuppression of the sows tract after breeding in order to prevent sperm from being destroyed before fertilization
how much water is in the ejaculate
94-98%
role of the bulbourethral glands
produce gel-like substance predominately at end of ejaculation
seals the ejaculate in the female following natural service
The _________________ pulls the penis back into the male when the erection or ejaculation is finished
retractor penis muscle
contracted: inside body
relaxed: outside body
The ______________ is the bend in the penis that works with the retractor penis muscle
sigmoid flexture
role of the fibroelastic structure
the shape matches the cervical structure in the female
extends through the prepuce
supplied with blood and nerves
role of preputial diverticulum (prepuce)
accumulates urine and skin cells
must be emptied before sperm collection
the process of repro in boars is initiated and regulated by ________________ in the brain
hormones
The hypothalamus serves as both a _________ and __________ organ
neural
endocrine
in response to stimuli what hormone does the hypothalamus release
GnRH
GnRH is responsible for releasing _________ and __________ from the pituitary gland
FSH
LH
FSH stimulates
sperm production (spermatogenesis)
LH initiates
testosterone production by leydig cells
The hormones produced by the testes are
testosterone
estrogen
inhibin
stimuli that affect the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus are
**age
**weight
nutritional level
season of the year
environmental temperature
** main reasons
