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ASC 408G: Swine > EXAM 2:Reproductive anatomy/physiology- MALE > Flashcards

EXAM 2:Reproductive anatomy/physiology- MALE Flashcards

1
Q

The reproductive efficiency of a breeding herd depends on the _________ of the boar

A

fertility

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2
Q

What is the primary mechanism through which genetic improvements can efficiently be accomplished

A

Boar DNA

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3
Q

The male repro tract is supported by the __________ and is housed internally in the _____________ and outside the abdominal cavity in the region of the groin

A

pelvis
abdomen

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4
Q

The testes of the boar are ______ and produce______________

A

paired
sperm and hormones

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5
Q

Sperm cells are only produced within the ________________; all the separate sperm-producing tubes eventually converge into a single collection tube called _________ which exit the boar’s testes and enter the ______________

A

seminiferous tubules
rete testes
epididymis

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6
Q

what is significant about swine male anatomy

A

anatomically upside down (epididymis head at the bottom of teste)

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7
Q

highly coiled tube that is sectioned into 3 parts and is where sperm is stored

A

epididymis

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8
Q

3 parts of the epididymis

A

head (capcut)
body (corpus)
tail (cauda)

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9
Q

what occurs in the head of the epididymis

A

Sperm are not fertile

sperm incorporates proteins into the membrane

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10
Q

What occurs in the body of the epididymis

A

gain capacity for tail movement

move into body by fluid and smooth muscle contractions

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11
Q

what occurs in the tail of the epididymis

A

additional proteins are added

in a concentrated form

once diluted, motile and fertile

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12
Q

total time needed for a sperm cell to begin development until it appears in the ejaculate is around ____________ days

A

45

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13
Q

Testicles are contained in a pouch called the ________

A

scrotum

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14
Q

What structure of the male anatomy serves as protection and temperature regulation

A

scrotum

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15
Q

the scrotum must regulate the testes temp about __________ degrees lower than body temp

A

3.5

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16
Q

muscles surrounding the scrotum

A

tunica dartos

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17
Q

what happens when the tunica dartos is cold vs. hot

A

cold= contracts= decrease surface area (WRINKLED)

hot/warm= relax= increase surface area (SMOOTH)

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18
Q

low amounts of subcutaneous fat in the scrotum aids in ____________

A

cooling

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19
Q

cord-like attachment that connects the testes to other internal components of the male repro system

A

spermatic cord

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20
Q

the spermatic cord passes through a small opening of the abdominal wall called the __________________

A

inguinal canal

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21
Q

Spermatic cord serves as a passageway for

A

blood vessels
nerves
muscular system

22
Q

intertwining arterial and venous blood vessels that is part of the spermatic cord

A

pampiniform plexus

23
Q

in the pampiniform plexus, a ___________________ exchange system occurs in the pampiniform plexus between arterial and venous blood

This exchange is responsible for high testosterone in the testis and maintaining testicular temp

A

counter current

warmed arterial blood entering the testes is cooled by the returning venous blood leaving testes (cool blood from 102 to 98 before entering testes)

24
Q

Found in the spermatic cord that contracts or relaxes to to pull testes closer to the body in cold weather or let them hang further away

A

cremaster muscle

hot=relaxed
cold= contract

25
Q

tube-like structure that leaves the testicle to become part of the spermatic cord and pass through the inguinal canal and enter the abdomen

A

vas deferns

**2 of them, 1 off each tail of epididymis

26
Q

what does the vas deferns do

A

transport sperm

connects to tail of epididymis

27
Q

responsible for the transport of semen and urine

A

urethra

28
Q

what does the urethra do

A

a singular tube connects vas deferns at the neck of the bladder

relaxation of muscles allows urine to enter (prevented during ejaculation)

fluids (semen) added to sperm in the urethra

29
Q

What are the three accessory sex glands associated with boars repro tract

A

prostate gland
seminal vesicles
bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s gland)

30
Q

what are the functions of the accessory glands

A

add volume to dilute sperm
stimulate motility
provide fluid medium for ejaculation

31
Q

first accessory gland that meets the urethra

A

prostate

32
Q

what does the prostate do

A

secretes alkaline fluis

washes out urine and bacteria

responsible for odor

33
Q

Accessory sex gland that produces most of the volume, energy source, buffers, and ions found in semen

A

seminal vesicles

34
Q

what are the two energy sources added by the seminal vesicles

A

citric acid
fructose

35
Q

Seminal vesicles produce prostaglandins that aid in

A

sperm movement

36
Q

Buffers in semen are responsible for

A

immunosuppression of the sows tract after breeding in order to prevent sperm from being destroyed before fertilization

37
Q

how much water is in the ejaculate

A

94-98%

38
Q

role of the bulbourethral glands

A

produce gel-like substance predominately at end of ejaculation

seals the ejaculate in the female following natural service

39
Q

The _________________ pulls the penis back into the male when the erection or ejaculation is finished

A

retractor penis muscle

contracted: inside body
relaxed: outside body

40
Q

The ______________ is the bend in the penis that works with the retractor penis muscle

A

sigmoid flexture

41
Q

role of the fibroelastic structure

A

the shape matches the cervical structure in the female

extends through the prepuce

supplied with blood and nerves

42
Q

role of preputial diverticulum (prepuce)

A

accumulates urine and skin cells

must be emptied before sperm collection

43
Q

the process of repro in boars is initiated and regulated by ________________ in the brain

A

hormones

44
Q

The hypothalamus serves as both a _________ and __________ organ

A

neural
endocrine

45
Q

in response to stimuli what hormone does the hypothalamus release

A

GnRH

46
Q

GnRH is responsible for releasing _________ and __________ from the pituitary gland

A

FSH
LH

47
Q

FSH stimulates

A

sperm production (spermatogenesis)

48
Q

LH initiates

A

testosterone production by leydig cells

49
Q

The hormones produced by the testes are

A

testosterone
estrogen
inhibin

50
Q

stimuli that affect the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus are

A

**age
**weight
nutritional level
season of the year
environmental temperature

** main reasons

ASC 408G: Swine (37 decks)

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