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ASC 408G: Swine > exam 3: nutrition principles (minerals) > Flashcards

exam 3: nutrition principles (minerals) Flashcards

1
Q

which livestock species is most likely to be mineral deficient and why

A

pigs

–reproduce at younger age

–indoor rearing, limited access to soil

–inability to coprophagy

–skeleton is required to support more weight in proportion to size

–fed cereal grain which are low in minerals

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2
Q

what are the two classifications of minerals

A

macrominerals
microminerals (or trace minerals)

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3
Q

Macrominerals need to be supplied in _______ amounts in swine diets.

A

larger

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4
Q

what are the typical macrominerals added to swine diets

A

calcium
phosphorus
sodium
chloride

** grains used in swine diets provide magnesium and potassium in sufficient quantities, so normally no other sources are added

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5
Q

the minerals that are essential in skeletal structure development, skeletal maintenance, lean tissue deposition, muscle contraction, and other physiological functions

A

calcium and phosphorus

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6
Q

an animal has impaired bone mineralization, reduced bone strength, and decreased growth, rickets/osteoporosis

What mineral are they deficient in

A

calcium and phosphorus

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7
Q

common sources of calcium and phosphorus

A

ground limestone
dicalcium phosphate
oyster shells

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8
Q

minerals involved in nutrient absorption, electrolyte balance, regulation of pH

A

sodium and chloride

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9
Q

Requirements of sodium and chloride are greater for ______________________ pigs and abruptly decreases for _________________

A

recently weaned
finishing pigs/sows

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10
Q

diets deficient in sodium and chloride result in __________________ because of reduced feed intake and poor feed efficiency

A

deceased growth performance

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11
Q

T/F diets with high levels of salt are generally well tolerated if drinking water is available

A

true

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12
Q

what kind of salt is used in pig diets

A

white salt

influences palatability

no salt= not palatable
too much= salt toxicity

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13
Q

microminerals need to be supplied in __________ amounts in swine diets

A

smaller

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14
Q

trace minerals are normally added to diets in the form of

A

trace mineral premix

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15
Q

what are the typical trace minerals included in a premix for swine

A

zinc
copper
iron
manganese
iodine
selenium

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16
Q

this mineral is an important component of many enzymes, metabolism of carbs/proteins/ and lipids

A

zinc

17
Q

an animal has parakeratosis( lesions on skin), slow growth rates, and impaired reproductive performance

what mineral is the animal deficient in

A

zinc

18
Q

immediately after weaning high levels of __________ may be feed to pigs to help with performance

A

zinc oxide OR copper sulfate

**one or the other; together they cancel

19
Q

this mineral is an important component of many enzymes and participates in iron absorption, as well as synthesis of hemoglobin

A

copper

20
Q

an animal is anemic and has a low growth rate

what is the animal deficient in

A

copper

21
Q

this mineral is an important component of many enzymes, essential for the synthesis of hemoglobin

A

iron

22
Q

an animal is anemic, has low growth rates, lethargic, pale, and has a rough hair coat

what is the animal deficient in

A

iron

23
Q

what feed may help limit the amount of iron needed to be supplemented in swine feed

A

blood meal

24
Q

Compared to finishing pigs, which group of pigs needs more iron

A

gestating sows

25
Q

does animal or plant protien have a higher content of iron

A

animal

26
Q

this mineral is an important component of many enzymes and is involved in bone development

A

manganese

27
Q

this mineral is an important component of many enzymes and is involved in bone development

A

manganese

28
Q

an animal has impaired skeleton development, lameness, and low growth rates

what is this animal deficient in

A

manganese

29
Q

this mineral is an important component of the thyroid hormone and is involved in the regulation of metabolic rate

A

iodine

30
Q

an animal has goiter, lethargy, and a low growth rate

what is this animal deficient in

A

iodine

31
Q

goiter

A

thyroid enlargement

Iodine deficiency
swollen jowl area like in humans

32
Q

this mineral is an important component of enzymes, involved in antioxidant defense, and is closely related to vitamin E

A

selenium

33
Q

an animal has white muscle disease, mulberry heart disease, and impaired reproduction

the animal may experience sudden death

what is this animal deficient in

A

selenium

34
Q

what is white muscle disease

A

seen often in young pigs (only few days after birth)

hunched, arched back, cant really move

**can be reversed

35
Q

what is mulberry heart disease

A

selenium and vitamin E are deficient over a long period of time

tissue necrosis of the heart
fluid build-up in the pericardial sac
white scar tissue on the heart

ASC 408G: Swine (37 decks)

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