Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ASC 408G: Swine > EXAM 2: Breeding > Flashcards

EXAM 2: Breeding Flashcards

1
Q

what is critical to successful breeding

A

estrus detection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how often are heat checks performed

A

2x a day ( after morning feed and afternoon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the conditions heat checks are performed under

A

in the presence of a mature boar

rub flanks and underline to stimulate sow for a standing response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_________ is defined as a period of sexual excitement and ovulation, during which a sow will accept the male and is capable of conceiving

A

estrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

estrus to estrus is how many days

A

21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

length of estrus in mature sows compared to gilts

A

mature sows: ~55 hours
gilts: 40 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

two to three days before the onset of estrus, increasing estrogen levels from developing ovarian follicles stimulate increase ___________________ and _______________ in repro tract

A

blood flow
fluid retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the increase in blood flow before the onset of estrus causes what to happen to the vulva

A

swell
turn red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

is red, swollen vulvas more common in gilts or sows

A

gilts

only seen in sows if parted to examine the interior

**sows in estrus raise tail and quiver when vulva is examined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

signs of estrus include

A

reddening/swelling of vulva
mucus discharge
riding
seeking of the boar
back pressure test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

____________ may drip and hang from the vulva in response to increasing levels of estrogen

A

clear, sticky mucus

more sticky= closer to ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how do we check if the mucus is indicating closer to ovulation

A

thumb test

sample smeared on thumb and pressed/stretched to determine stickiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

gilts and sows coming into heat or going out of estrus often _________ pen mates when group-housed, even though themselves are not in heat

A

ride/mount

**volcalize and move= not in estrus
** stand still= in estrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

females that have been ridden can develop

A

rough hair
rub marks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

signs of a female seeking the boar

A

in the presence of boar: pop ears, arch back, brace legs

sow makes effort

some will exhibit standing responses without direct contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sows in heat when under the back pressure test will

A

arch back
brace legs
immobile

females not in heat= run away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

__________________ represents one of the most critical factors affecting the reproductive performance of a sow herd

A

gilt development and management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reproductive performance and longevity are optimized when gilts are bred at approx. _______ pounds and near ___________ days of age and one their ________ estrus cycle

A

300 pounds
230 days
second or third

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

first service at a heavier initial weight increases _______________ to maintain body weight and may have a negative effect on ______________

A

feed cost
structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what happens on day 0 of gilt puberty

A

select gilts to keep based on genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what happens on day 120 of gilt puberty

A

gilts kept as replacements are switched to a replacement gilt diet

diet is higher in calcium & phosphorus
diet also has trace minerals and additional vitamin E and biotin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what happens on day 160 of gilt puberty

A

cull replacement gilts that dont meet physical attributes

cull gilts go to finishing

gilts kept start puberty induction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what happens on day 230 of gilt puberty

A

cull replacement gilts that failed to reach puberty and those with unacceptable physical attributes as market hogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what does high calcium and phosphorus help with

A

bone mineralization
strucutre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

why do we add vitamin E and biotin to gilt diet

A

vit E= immune function

biotin= hoof strength/development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

on day 120 what happens to replacement gilts and market hogs

A

they are seperated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

when does fertility and longevity problems occur in regard to the puberty timeline

A

breeding outside of target

underweight or overweight gilts

replacement gilts= more culling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

behavior expression of estrus coincides with the occurrence of ovulation

A

puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

the age of puberty is heritable up to ___% of the variation attributed to genetics

A

40%

30
Q

T/F the start of puberty varies among breeds, herds, genetics

A

true

31
Q

in swine the average age of puberty ranges from

A

190-230 days

32
Q

is there a way to internally measure when a gilt has hit puberty

A

NO

depend of weight and age

33
Q

puberty induction in gilts can be managed starting at __________ weeks of age

A

24 wks (160-180 days)

34
Q

during puberty induction, how are gilts housed

A

group housing of 10-12 gilts

increased floor space

ad lib access to feed and water

35
Q

Examples of how we can induce puberty

A

boar exposure
transportation stress
outdoor housing
group size
photoperiod/lighting
PG600

36
Q

boar exposure

A

greatest impact/ MOST CRITICAL on age of puberty in gilts

daily direct physical, fence line exposure

minimum 10 min, no more than 30 min

37
Q

transportation stress

A

combination with boar exposure is the most potent stimuli to bring prepubertal gilts into puberty

including moving gilts, regrouping, relocating

38
Q

outdoor housing

A

gilts indoor experience more silent estrus than outdoor raised gilts

39
Q

group size

A

less than 3 or more than 50 can cause delayed estrus

40
Q

photoperiod/lighting

A

outdoor fall born gilts mature in spring

outdoor spring-born gilts mature in fall, pubertal age delayed 15 days

wild, feral females reach peak repro activity in spring

total darkness delays puberty

need at least 10-18 hours of light

41
Q

PG600

A

used to induce estrus in swine and contains combo of two hormones

each dose contains hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) and PMSG (preg mare serum gonadotropin) that mimic FSH and LH

42
Q

what does PG600 stimulate

A

stimulates the follicle on the ovary to grow and produce estrogen

43
Q

for PG600 to work effectively, what needs to occur

A

gilts must be near age and weight of natural puberty but not reached it

females should be treated 2-3 weeks before expected onset of pubertal estrus

provide 10 min of boar exposure

breed on second or thrid estrus

44
Q

why do we do estrus synchronization

A

better idea of farrowing

better estimate of pig flow

45
Q

synchronization of estrus in prepubertal gilts

A

possible by having gilts go through puberty induction together

Boar exposure, transport stress and PG600 produce most synchronization

46
Q

ability to precisely control the onset of estrus is called

A

synchronization

47
Q

once females reach puberty and begin to exhibit estrous cycles, what two things can not be used

A

boar exposure and PG600

48
Q

orally active, synthetic progesterone-like compound can be used for synchronizing estrus in mature sows and gilts

A

matrix

49
Q

how long is matrix fed

A

14 days

50
Q

matrix produced estrus on average ______ days after removal from the feed

A

4-9

51
Q

T/F females can be at any stage of estrous cycle at the onset of feeding matrix

A

true

52
Q

early estrous cycle and PG600

A

~2 days
works with progesterone being produced by CL

53
Q

mid estrous cycle and PG600

A

~13 days
prevents resumption of follicular growth

54
Q

late estrous cycle and PG600

A

~18-19 days
halts follicular growth of Medium to large and ovulation

55
Q

sync estrus in mature sows/gilts natural estrus

A

bred and abort (uncommon)

between 15-40 days of gestation, inject 10-15mg lutalyse (PGF2-alpha)–> abortion withing 24 hours

display estrus 4-8 days after abortion

56
Q

synchronization of estrus in weaned sows

A

MOST COMMON
mostly natural

lactation inhibits the release of GnRH= low LH and FSH

weaning stimulated the release of GnRH= LH and FSH released

weaning groups of sows on the same day is an effective method of estrus sync

57
Q

the single most important factor affecting the fertilization rate and overall success of AI

A

timing of insemenation

58
Q

if the female is inseminated too early or too late, the result will be

A

poor litter size
reduced farrowing rates

59
Q

The most critical factor in AI is ensuring that insemination occurs with fertile semen 12 to 18 hours before

A

ovulation

60
Q

when do you inseminate a gilt who is check once a day for estrus

A

1st= 0 hours
2nd= 24 hours

61
Q

when do you inseminate a gilt who is check twice a day for estrus

A

1st= 12 hours
2nd= 24 hours

62
Q

when do you inseminate a sow who is check once a day for estrus

A

1st= 0 hours
2nd= 24 hours

63
Q

when do you inseminate a sow who is check twice a day for estrus

A

1st= 24 hours
2nd= 36 hours

64
Q

insemination process

A

determine if female is in estrus
clean vulva
apply lub to AI rod
insert AI rod

65
Q

how do you insert AI rod

A

lube tip and angle rod upward
rod should lock in cervix
remove tip of semen bottle and insert end into rod
semen starts to flow if properly stimulated

66
Q

how to stimulate sow/gilt for insemenation

A

nose to nose with boar
rub flanks, apply weight to back

67
Q

how in semen taken in by the sow during AI

A

semen is not injected BUT is pulled into female by uterine contractions

68
Q

without stimulation, what will occur

A

decreased conception rates
longer to breed

69
Q

types of AI rod

A

foam
spirette

70
Q

when using a spirette is it turned clockwise or counterclockwise

A

counterclockwise

71
Q

once all semen is deposited, what happens

A

AI rod is removed and trashed
female shouldn’t move for 20-30 min

ASC 408G: Swine (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions