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ASC 408G: Swine > Exam 2: Health and Disease ( Mycotoxicosis to Repro disease) > Flashcards

Exam 2: Health and Disease ( Mycotoxicosis to Repro disease) Flashcards

1
Q

xMycotoxicosis is the result of

A

the ingestion of grains or forages containing toxic metabolites produced by certain fungi

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2
Q

fungi that produce toxins do so under what conditions

A

warm
moist
humid

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3
Q

what are the three main functions affected by mycotoxicosis

A

metabolic
nutritional
endocrine

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4
Q

what are some things that mycotoxicosis can cause

A

decreased ADG
decreased repro
liver damage
immunosuppression
predisposes pigs to secondary disease

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5
Q

are older or younger pigs more susceptible to mycotoxicosis

A

younger

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6
Q

what are the three levels of myctoxicosis

A

sub-acute: low levels, not very often (most common)

acute: some consuming, low levels

chronic: consuming over long period of time

idea behind Salem witch trials

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7
Q

what is the treatment for mycotoxicosis

A

none; stop feed

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8
Q

aflatoxicosis

A

mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus or Penicillium puberulum

fungi found growing on corn, wheat, peanuts, other ceral grains

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9
Q

pigs with subacute aflatoxicosis can experinence

A

reduced feed intake
poor ADG
poor FE

acute aflatoxicosis is RARE

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10
Q

hemorrhaging
fatty liver (can be condemed)

A

symptoms of acute aflatoxicosis in pigs can include

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11
Q

ergotism is caused by

A

fungus Claviceps purpurea

found in grasses and several cereal grains, especially rye, oats and wheat

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12
Q

inhibited mammary development
reduced litter size
reduced birth weights

A

symptoms of subacute ergotism in sows

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13
Q

symptoms of acute ergotism in recently weaned and finishing pigs

A

reduced growth weights

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14
Q

tissue necrosis of tail, hooves, ears
gangrenous sloughing of the extremities

A

symptoms of acute ergotism in pigs (general)

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15
Q

zearlaenone (F-2)

A

produced by Fusarium graminearum

found in moldy corn, other grains and pelleted cereal feeds.

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16
Q

zearlaenone (F-2) has an estrogenic effect that results in

A

mammary development in prepuberal gilts and swelling/enlargement of the vulva

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17
Q

what are the two digestive diseases we discussed

A

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PEDV)
Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE)

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18
Q

general info on PEDV

A

a coronavirus that only occurs in swine

fairly new ~2013 in U.S

not as big as a concern bc of vaccine

closely resembles TGE

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19
Q

transmission of PEDV

A

fecal-oral route
fomites

**found in feces

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20
Q

what does PEDV do

A

virus attacks villi of enterocytes on the villi of the SI

in the SI it causes degeneration and necrosis of enterocytes, turning them cuboidal/flat instead of finger-like

failure of intestine to absorb fluid= diarrhea=deydration and depletion of electrolytes

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21
Q

symptoms of PEDV

A

all ages: watery diarrhea

infected nursery pigs: die after 3-4 days due to dehydration

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22
Q

prevention of PEDV

A

vaccine

expose preg sows to virus

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23
Q

Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)

A

acute, rapidly spreading viral disease in swine of all ages, characterized by diarrhea and vomiting

a coronavirus

closely related to PEDV

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24
Q

mortality related to TGE

A

high mortality: pigs less than 2 wks of age

mortality decreases as age increases

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25
Q

what months are mycotoxicosis and TGE worse in

A

winter

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26
Q

transmission of TGE

A

fecal-oral route
nasal route

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27
Q

what does TGE do

A

infect epithelia cells with destruction or loss of function

patch atrophy of intestine villi of the jejunum and ileum

lesions=malabsorbtion

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28
Q

TGE: the inability to breakdown lactose in dam’s milk leads to an

A

the osmotic flow of fluids into the lumen, resulting in diarrhea and dehydration

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29
Q

symptoms of TGE

A

vomiting
diarrhea
dehydration
slow growth
shivering
thirst

**pigs tweaked and die with 1-2d
**pigs infected after 4wks can survive

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30
Q

T/F TGE spreads rapidly to affect all susceptible pigs

A

true

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31
Q

treatment for TGE

A

wean nursing pigs
electrolytes
warm environment

**infected barns= clean and keep pig free for weeks

32
Q

prevention for TGE

A

vaccines are available and used to stimulate immunity in sows

strong biosecurity

33
Q

TGE: as age increases, mortality

A

decreases

34
Q

swine influenza virus

A

H1N1 and H3N2

common respiratory disease in pigs (zoonotic)

seasonal in nature and peaks in fall/winter

35
Q

symptoms of swine flu

A

coughing
nasal and eye discharge
sneezing
depression
anorexia
dyspnea (labored breathing)
hyperthermia
fever (105+)

36
Q

high fevers resulting from swine flu can cause what in sows and boars

A

sows: delayed return to estrus
abortions
reduced viability of pigs at birth

boars: reduced fertility

37
Q

morbidity and mortality of swine flu

A

high morbidity
low mortality

38
Q

transmission of swine flu

A

contact with secretion
aerosols

39
Q

treatment for swine flu

A

comfortable environment
treatment to decrease body temp (fever)

**same as if you had the flu

40
Q

prevention for swine flu

A

strong biosecurity
vaccine available

41
Q

what reproduction diseases did we discuss

A

lepto
porcine parvo
porcine repro and respiratory syndrome

42
Q

leptosirosis

A

contagious disease in swine and other animals including humans

usually introduced into a herd by shedding swine by direct or indirect contact with the incidental host or through contaminated water, soil or sewage

43
Q

T/F Lepto CANNOT survive in water/damp soil

A

false; it can

44
Q

penetrate mucous membranes, wounds, and abrasions then circulate through the body

in pigs: it will localize in the kidney, oviduct, and uterus during the last half of gestational and genital tract of boars

A

what do leptospira do

45
Q

do nonpregnant females and growing pigs with lepto go unnotices

A

yes

46
Q

what are some symptoms that young pigs show if infected with Lepto

A

fever
anorexia
blood in urine

47
Q

what are some symptoms that pregnant sows show if infected with Lepto

A

repro failure
– poor conception rates
– late term abortion
–mummified or still born
–weak piglets

***affected sows recover promptly and most conceive/carry their next litter to term

48
Q

____,_____, and _____ should be vaccinated for lepto

A

gilts
boars
sows

49
Q

prevention of Lepto

A

vaccinate
control vectors

50
Q

treatment for Lepto

A

antibiotics may reduce impact

51
Q

repro failure in naive dams

viral

can live outside of pig for months

resistant to most disinfectants

NONPREGNANT= SHOW NO SYMPTOMS

A

what does Porcine parvovirus (PPV) cause

52
Q

TGE is killed by

A

iodine based cleaners
sunlight

53
Q

symptoms in pregnant sow @ less than 35days

A

death and reabsorbtion of embryo
return to estrus
small litter born (rare)

54
Q

symptoms in pregnant sow @ 35-70days

A

fetus dies=mummified

55
Q

symptoms in pregnant sow @ more than 70days

A

fetus may resist infection and survive

56
Q

transmission of PPV

A

oral-nasal
fecal-oral
venereal (mechanical or AI; semen)

**virus is shed in secretions/excretions from the animal for approx 2wks

57
Q

prevention of PPV

A

vaccinate sows and boars several weeks before breeding

58
Q

treatment for PPV

A

none

59
Q

Porcine repro and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)

A

viral disease characterized by two overlapping clinical presentations:
1. repro impairment or failure of breeding animals
2. respiratory disease in pigs at any age

60
Q

the most economically significant swine disease in the US

A

PRRS

broke in US ~1997

61
Q

PRRS virus can persist in ___________________ pigs

A

long-term carriers

62
Q

sows infected with PRRS while pregnant may deliver _______________pigs

A

persistently infected

63
Q

transmission of PRRS

A

nasal secretion
saliva
milk/colostrum
semen
urine
feces

**can jump from infected to other pigs, older pigs and their secretions can affect younger pigs, boars= semen

64
Q

what two things act as vectors for PRRS

A

mosquito
flies

65
Q

T/F PRRS can cross the placenta in late gestation killing part or none of the fetuses

A

true

66
Q

why are abortions a result of PRRS

A

the acute disease
sows fever

67
Q

prevention of PRRS

A

biosecurity
limit frequency of seedstock introductions to sow herd
purchase PRRS-free semen
vaccines for some strains (farm depended)

68
Q

treatment of PRRS

A

no treatment
antibiotics for controlling secondary infections

ONCE THEY GET PRRS, THEY ALWAYS HAVE IT

69
Q

symptoms of PRRS: breeding age gilts, sows and boars

A

repro problems are most obvious signs

decrease in conceiving/ farrowing
late term abortions
still born/weak pigs
mummified fetus
anorexia
fever
depression
respiratory distress
vomiting
cyanosis (blue) ears, abdomen, vulva

70
Q

symptoms of PRRS: nursing pigs

A

dyspena
thumping breathing
high mortality

71
Q

symptoms of PRRS: weaned and finishing pigs

A

fever
depression
lethargy
stuntded growth
sneezing
fever
dyspnea
pneumonia

**low mortality
**$$ affected

72
Q

what is known as F2

A

zearalenone

73
Q

PEDV stands for

A

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

74
Q

TGE stands for

A

Transmissible Gastroenteritis

75
Q

PPV stands for

A

Porcine Parvovirus

76
Q

PRRS stands for

A

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory syndrome

ASC 408G: Swine (37 decks)

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