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ASC 408G: Swine > EXAM 1: biosecurity > Flashcards

EXAM 1: biosecurity Flashcards

1
Q

biosecurity of pigs at the farm

A

set of practical measures taken to prevent entrance of infection into a pig farm and control the spread of infection within the farm

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2
Q

goal of biosecurity

A

Keep out pathogens that the herd hasn’t been exposed to
minimize impact of endemic pathogens

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3
Q

Biosecurity differs on

A

farm location
disease status
type of pig raised
employees
barn sanitation
rodent control
worker/visitor entry policy

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4
Q

what 3 sets of actions/overlapping components make up biosecurity

A

bio-exclusion
bio-containment
bio-management

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5
Q

bio-containment

A

preventing the spread of disease agents to neighbors or long distance transfer

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6
Q

bio-exclusion

A

preventing the introduction of unwanted disease agents into the farm or system

AIAO
shower in, shower out
isolation for ~30d

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7
Q

bio-management

A

a combined effort to control economically important infectious diseases that are already present in the farm population

minimal clinical disease status

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8
Q

what section of biosecurity is most often forgotten about

A

bio-containment

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9
Q

need for biosecurity

A

improves repro
optimal growth
improved profitability

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10
Q

One of the main factors that increase the risk of a herd acquiring a new disease is often the _________ of the farm to other pigs

A

proximity

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11
Q

factors influencing risk of a breakdown in biosecurity due to the location of the farm includes

A

pig farms nearby
local pig density
other possible sources of contamination
terrain
climate
roads
other livestock

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12
Q

pig farms near by need to be at least _______ from other swine to minimize the risk of infection by aerosol/natural routes of transmission

A

2 miles

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13
Q

local pig density definition

A

the average number of pigs per 0.4 sq mile within 3 mile radius of the farm

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14
Q

Local pig density criteria that are considered low risk

A

less than 100 pigs per 0.4 sq miles

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15
Q

Other possible sources of contamination include

A

slaughter facility
rubbish dump
manner of how the facility is managed
drainage
biosecurity procedures

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16
Q

ideal terrain

A

hilly
protected from winds
=lower level of aerosol risk

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17
Q

climate conditions and disease transmission

A

cold and humid= more favorable disease transmission
hot and dry= less desirable per disease

viruses like cold, wet, humid, dark

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18
Q

what kind of road is a contamination risk

A

high density of vehicles transporting less than 55 yards from the herd

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19
Q

potential problems with other livestock

A

Presence of cattle, sheep, or poultry less than 110 yards from swine facility can be a problem

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20
Q

pigs can contract _____ and ______ diseases; and parasitic and fungal conditions

A

viral
bacterial

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21
Q

how do swine diseases spread

A

through diseased swine/unaffected carriers/ healthy swine incubating

disease

new replacements

purchased semen

other farm animals/pest/wild animals

clothing of visitors/employees

employee/visitor who had direct contact with pig

dead animal carcass

contaminated feed/water/bedding

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22
Q

transmission routes that pigs may be susceptible to

A

direct transmission
indirect transmission
vector-borne transmission

23
Q

direct transmission

A

most common transmission route

aerosal, fecal, venereal transmission

24
Q

indirect transmission

A

transfer of disease to pigs by exposure of infected objects

dirty objects (fomites)

examples: scale, feeder, trailer, clothing(ringworm)

25
Q

vector-borne transmission

A

transfer of disease to a pig by another animal or organism

cat, fly, human, bird, rat etc.

26
Q

guidelines to buying replacement gilts and boars

A

know disease status or recipient and source herds

consider the location and health history of source herd

select replacements from single source that has documented genetic improvement and sound disease control

single source, isolate new stock (30-60d)

27
Q

alternative to purchasing replacement animals is to utilize a ____________ policy

A

closed herd policy

28
Q

____________ is the easiest method to bring new genes into a sow herd

A

AI

29
Q

possible problem with boar semen

A

pathogens
PRRS
porcine circovirus

30
Q

steps to cleaning/disinfecting barns

A
  1. remove
  2. detergent
  3. clean
  4. dry
  5. disinfect
31
Q

what is involved in the remove step

A

remove organic matter (bedding, feed residue)

remove movable items (feeders,drinkers)

32
Q

what is involved in the detergent step

A

soak all surfaces with water and apply detergent (soap) under low pressure

soak for at least 30 min

33
Q

what is involved in the clean step

A

pressure wash with hot (158) clean water

34
Q

what is involved in the dry step

A

allow 5-7 days to dry to reduce bacteria load 10 fold

**often skipped

35
Q

what is involved in the disinfecting step

A

apply disinfectant at low pressure

farm,barn dependent

examples: bleach, hydrogen peroxide, ethanol

36
Q

water biosecurity

A

chlorinate if in doubt
check source/cleanliness

37
Q

feed biosecurity

A

trucks should unload without contact with pigs

driver=greatest risk of disease spread

clean spilled feed

check for mold

38
Q

bedding biosecurity

A

check for bird/rodent contamination

39
Q

biosecurity: workflow

A

start with youngest pig and work to the oldest

wash hands after changing activities

change out contaminated clothing

boot bath between rooms

40
Q

biosecurity: dead pigs

A

must be disposed in a way that does not attract wild animals, insects, birds

clean and disinfect areas where bodily fluids were excreted

41
Q

ways to dispose of dead pig

A

-composition
-incineration
- burial
-rendering

42
Q

burial of dead pig

A

dig burial pit

removes dead pigs from public view, prevents odor and flied

can collect rain water and pollutants can get into soil and ground water

43
Q

rendering of dead pig

A

converts dead animals into useful biosecurity

collection area needs to be away from farm

rendering trucks are a serious biosecurity risk

**not commonly used

44
Q

compositing of a dead pig

A

generates minimal odor, fly, or scavenger problems

removes pig from public view

low potential of pollution

produces products that can improve soil

45
Q

incineration of dead pig

A

reduce carcass to ash
biosecure
large capital cost and fuel requirements

46
Q

what issues can rodents cause

A

Mice and rats can carry lots of diseases

droppings, feet, urine, saliva, or blood

large rodent population= large feed wastage

47
Q

what issues can predators/scavengers cause

A

Wild dogs, foxes, and coyotes carry disease agents

48
Q

What issues can feral pigs cause

A

feral pigs are free-roaming animals not help under domestic management

highly mobile disease reservoirs

one of the greatest risk to domesticate swine

49
Q

what issues can birds cause

A

can cause damage and unsanitary working conditions

Consume and contaminate feed

transmit diseases

50
Q

what issues can parasites cause

A

internal and external

ex: fly and mosquito

51
Q

what issues can dogs and cats cause

A

dogs= lepto but often most risk is that they travel farm to farm

cats= toxoplasma gondii which pigs can contract

52
Q

low risk visitor guidelines

A

number of visits a day: no other farm contact

protective clothing: wears sanitized boots, clean overalls

animal ownership:does not own/care for livestock

contact with animals: no animal contact

foreign travel: does not travel outside of the US

53
Q

medium risk visitor guidelines

A

number of visits a day: one or sometimes more farm visits per day

protective clothing: wear sanitized boots. If clean, may not change overalls

animal ownership: owns/cares for different species of animals

contact with animals: minimal or no direct contact

foreign travel: limited travel outside the US, no animal contact

54
Q

high risk visitor guidelines

A

number of visits a day: routine visits to many barns

protective clothing: does not wear clean or protective clothing

animal ownership: owns/cares for swine

contact with animals: regular direct contact with swine

foreign travel: travel to foreign countries with animal contact

ASC 408G: Swine (37 decks)

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