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ASC 408G: Swine > EXAM1: history of swine > Flashcards

EXAM1: history of swine Flashcards

1
Q

how many swine are in breeding stock

A

6.15 million

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2
Q

how many swine are market hogs

A

67 million

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3
Q

what does breeding stock consist of

A

sows
gilts
some boars

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4
Q

what are market hogs

A

those that go to slaughter

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5
Q

why did pig population decrease around 2013-2014

A

PEDV
(severe diarrhea disease that affected newborns= death)

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6
Q

what is the number 1 top swine producing state

A

iowa

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7
Q

what are the top 5 swine producing states

A
  1. iowa
  2. minnesota
  3. north carolina
  4. Illinois
  5. indiana
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8
Q

what ingredients are involved in swine diets

A
  1. corn
  2. soybean meal
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9
Q

corn provides hogs with _______

A

energy

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10
Q

soybean meal provides hogs with _________

A

protien

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11
Q

why is Iowa the top hog producing state

A

they are the top producers for corn and soybean making it more profitable/convenient

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12
Q

pork ranks ________ in U.S. consumption behind chicken and beef

A

third

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13
Q

T/F worldwide pork is the most consumed meat

A

true

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14
Q

what type of pork is the most consumed at HOME

A

ham

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15
Q

what type of pork is consume at RESTAURANTS

A

bacon

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16
Q

world per captia pork consumption is highest in what country

A

China (135 pounds/person)

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17
Q

top 5 world per captia pork consumption countries are:

A
  1. china
  2. belarus
  3. european union
  4. south korea
  5. vietnam
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18
Q

where does the U.S rank in terms of world per captia pork consumption

A

8th (~51 pounds/person)

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19
Q

what is the top pork producing country

A

china (37.58% of world)

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20
Q

what are the top pork producing countries

A
  1. china
  2. european union
  3. united states
  4. brazil
  5. russia
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21
Q

pork prices follow a _______ pattern

A

seasonal

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22
Q

breeding performance is better in

A

cooler months (fall and winter)

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23
Q

more hogs reach market weight in

A

fall and winter

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24
Q

when in market highest

A

summer (june, july, august)

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25
Q

when is production lowest

A

summer (june, july, august)

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26
Q

when market is high, production is

A

LOW

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27
Q

when is market low

A

winter (october, november, december)

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28
Q

when market is low, production is

A

HIGH

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29
Q

top export markets include

A

china
japan
mexico
canada
south korea

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30
Q

what kind of pork does Japan prefer

A

high quality (berkshire)

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31
Q

what kind of meat does mexico normally recieve

A

ground pork

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32
Q

numbers/goals that producers are trying to reach are called

A

industry benchmarks

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33
Q

how many litters does a sow have a year

A

around 2

34
Q

total born vs. number born alive

A

14 vs. 13

35
Q

number of piglets weaned

A

11

36
Q

average weaning weight

A

14 lbs

37
Q

average weaning age

A

22 days

38
Q

how long is a pigs gestation

A

114d (3m,3w,3d)

39
Q

finisher hogs are also called

A

market hogs

40
Q

average daily gain of finisher productivity

A

1.86

41
Q

conventional finisher productivity houses pigs that are:

A

vaccinated
sufficient
just eating to gain weight

42
Q

average finishing weight of market hogs

A

282lbs

43
Q

nursery farm is what age of pigs

A

recently weaned to 60 days old

44
Q

finishing weight at nursery farms

A

51 lbs

45
Q

average daily gain of nursery pigs

A

.82

46
Q

what do pigs learn to do in the nursery

A

social skills
vaccinated
how to act without mom

47
Q

todays market pig live weight and carcass weight is around

A

live: 282
carcass: 211

48
Q

most market hogs are what color, why?

A

white
hair comes of easier

49
Q

genus of pigs

A

sus

50
Q

family classification for swine

A

suidae

51
Q

what did some of the first pigs eat

A

acorns
roots
forages
dead animals

52
Q

pigs have been around for about

A

40 million years

53
Q

where were pigs first domesticated

A

southeast asia
8500BC

54
Q

significance of the Roman empire to swine

A

spread pigs around europe, asia, africa

war pigs

55
Q

early pig keepers were seen as ________

A

unclean; flies/odor/ forbidden in temples

***idea of why Hebrew/Muslim banned pork

56
Q

significance of Columbus to pigs

A

1st to bring pigs to “americas”
proved hogs could handle our temperatures

57
Q

father of american pork industry

A

Hernando de Soto

58
Q

significance of Cortez to swine

A

1st to bring pigs to north america mainland

59
Q

significance of Soto

A

1st pigs to U.S

13 head to 700 head

use pigs as way to trade with native americans

60
Q

significance of Sir Walter Raleigh to swine

A

brought pigs to Jamestown (1807)

61
Q

hog-ringer

A

placed ring in nose of swine like in cattle; prevented rooting

62
Q

manhattan island wall that kept pigs corralled is now called

A

wall street

63
Q

first packing plant in colonial America is/was in

A

Springfield, MA

–sent salt to west indies
– in return we got rum and sugar to colonies

64
Q

Swine flourished in early America as a result from

A
  1. suitability of native maize or indian corn as swine food
  2. ease with which pork could be stored prior to refrigeration
  3. need for fat and high energy food for laborers engaged in developing the new frontier
65
Q

by 1880 ________ became the leading pork producer

A

IOWA

66
Q

_______________ became the earliest and largest pork-packing center in the U.S

A

Cincinnati

67
Q

referred to as “Porkopolis” in 1850s

A

Cincinnati

68
Q

refridgerated railcars allowed for pigs to be raised _________

A

closer to where grains were being grown instead of closer to shipping location

69
Q

America’s Hog butcher

A

Chicago

70
Q

Between 1865-1907 the Union Stockyards in Chicago received _________________ hogs

A

241 million hogs; 6 million hogs a year

71
Q

what centralized terminal marketing for hogs

A

world war 2

72
Q

swine breeds were traditionally classified as two types:

A
  1. lard
  2. bacon
73
Q

lard breeds description

A

also called cob rollers

developed to be early maturing with a thick fat cover

known for lacking prolifacy

ex. hamp or berk

74
Q

bacon breeds description

A

long, lean and muscular hogs

fed dairy byproducts, grains, legumes, turnips

slower to grow

ex. yorkshire or tamworth

75
Q

why was the need for lard so strong during WW2

A

it was used in manufacturing explosives (Nitroglycerine)

76
Q

due to the demand of lard for those in the war, it lead those at home to use _________

A

vegetable oils

  • they were marketed as healthy leading to the lard market to tank
77
Q

this product was developed in 1937 and was fed to allied troops

A

SPAM

78
Q

1980/1990s demanded a ________ pig, causing the swine industry to find ways to increase ________ of pork

A

leaner
leanness

79
Q

purpose of the slogan “pork the other white meat”

A

encouraged consumers to look at pok like chicken, a healthy white meat

80
Q

why were “exotic breeds” like the Pietrain important into the U.S

A

increase leanness in commercial lines

81
Q

in 1980/1990 how did the swine market change

A

-sold on carcass merit or fat-free lean grid

-moved indoors to confinement barns

82
Q

what is the swine market/product like 2000s-today

A

raised indoors (animal activist groups)

increased meat quality

decreased imput cost

control on disease spread (African swine fever)

environmental stewards

ASC 408G: Swine (37 decks)

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