exam 3: nutrition principles (protein) Flashcards
if synthetic amino acids are added properly, they can reduce ___________ and maintain ____________
feed costs
pig performance
what 2 feed-grade amino acids are commonly added to swine diets
lysine
methionine
**supplemental lysine can reduce the amount of SBM needed
what is the by-product from various tissues obtained from packing plants
meat and bone meal (non-porcine)
poultry meal
by product from viscera and various tissue from poultry packing
spray-dried egg
by-product of egg industry (B eggs)
**show benefits to improve health in recently weaned pigs
what diets is whey products most commonly
nursery
derived from milk curdling during production of cheese and yogurt
whey
whey is a source of what two things
protein
lactose
dried whey has a ________CP compared to soybean meal and high _________ concentration
low
lactose
Whey protein concentrate has a _________ CP concentrate, _________ lactose concentration and is used in the __________ industry limiting its use in swine diets
high
low
food (human protein powder)
fish meal is a product obtained by processing
whole fish or fish waste
** typically herring
**common in nursery diets
fish meal has _______ concentrations of CP and lysine, favorable __________ profile and ___________ fatty acids
high
AA
omega-3
fish meal in swine diets enhance ____________ and feed intake
palatability
spray dried blood products are by-products obtained from _________ and ________ harvesting plants
swine
bovine
what are the 2 products classified as spray-dried blood products
blood meal (81%CP)
Plasma protein (75% CP)
the concentration of methionine and isoleucine in spray dried blood products is ________ but CP/lysine content is ________
low
high
most common animal protein
spray dried blood products
cottonseed meal is the by-product of
oil extraction from cotton seeds
what antinutritional factor is in cottonseed
gossypol, found in the pigment of cottonseed
needs to be heated to inactivate
toxic; not allowed over 100ppm in complete diets for swine
what is bad about heating gossypool
allows free gossypol to bind to lysine and reduces lysine digestibility
cottonseed has lower _______________ than SBM, and _______ fiber content
CP and lysine
high (20-25% NDF)
Animal protein sources have been used to minimize _______________________ in nursery diets and encourage ________________ in recently weaned pigs
soybean meal inclusion
feed intake
animal protein sources are __________ and contain highly digestible _____________
palatable
amino acids
T/F animal protein is LESS expensive than plant sources
FALSE
animal protein sources undergo ________________ that eliminates most pathogens
thermal processing
sunflower meal
the byproduct of oil extraction from sunflower seed
compared to SBM, sunflower meal and canola is __________ in CP/lysine but greater in _____________
lower
methionine
during digestion, proteins are broken down into individual__________________ that are absorbed into the _____________
amino acids
bloodstream
proteins are made of approx how many different amino acids
20
what amino acid is the most important in determining protein quality
LYSINE
diets deficient in one or more amino acid results in
poor growth rate
poor feed conversion
unthrifty pigs
reduced repro performance
if a diet is inadequate in any essential amino acid, protein synthesis cannot proceed beyond the rate a which that amino acid is available, this is known as
limiting amino acid
Protein for swine diets can be ________ or __________
plant or animal
plant= most common, cheaper, more available
animal= more expensive, POST WEANING DIETS
factors to consider when selecting a protein source
amino acid profile
digestability
cost
energy content
examples of soybean products
soybean meal (most common)
full-fat soybeans
soy protein concentrate
fermented SBM
soybeans contain a ______________ inhibitor that needs heated to be inactivated
trypsin
why is soybean meal not really the best choice for swine diets
they have a hypersensitivity reaction to SBM
allergic proteins
poor nutrient absorption
poor growth performance
gradually acclimate to increase amounts of SBM
leading protein source for swine diets due to its superior quality and amino acid profile
soybean meal
cheapest
~45.7% CP
Does canola have a high fiber content
yes, 20-25% NDF
**reduces energy value
canola meal
the byproduct of oil extraction from canola seed
T/F the fiber content of sunflower meal is very high
TRUE ~30%NDF
