exam 3: nutrition principles (feed additives)

Question 1

Nonnutritive substances and compounds are added to swine feeds to improve growth rate, the efficiency of feed utilization, feed acceptance, and reproductive performance
OR

to be beneficial to the health or metabolism in some way

Answer 1

feed additives

Question 2

From the 1950s until recently what was used in swine diets to improve the health and performance of pigs through metabolic and nutritional effects and disease control

Answer 2

antimicrobial drugs (antibiotics)

Question 3

substances that contain desirable gastrointestinal microbial cultures or ingredients that may enhance the growth of desirable gastrointestinal micorbes

Answer 3

probiotic

Question 4

what is a common microorganism included in probiotic products

Answer 4

lactobacillus
yeast

Question 5

what group are probiotics feed to the most and why

Answer 5

post weaning/ recently weaned pigs

Change gut flora to reduce E.coli
produce antibiotic substances (acts like penicillin)
reduce toxic ammonia levels

Question 6

used to control mold contamination and prevent mold growth in stored feed and mixed feed

Answer 6

mold inhibitors

**in feed ith high moisture content that is stored long or in a hot environment

Question 7

molds reduce __________ and may produce ______________

Answer 7

palatability
mycotoxins

Question 8

examples of mold inhibitors

Answer 8

propionic acid (most common)
sodium diacetate
sorbic acid

**pig may detect inhibitor and refuse to eat

Question 9

where was research on chromium and its benefits to pig diets done

Answer 9

university of kentucky

Question 10

trace mineral involved in metabolism in glucose, normally found in swine diets in significant amounts to meet dietary requirments

Answer 10

chromium

Question 11

adding chromium to finishing pigs diets improves __________________ without impacting pork quality

Answer 11

growth and carcass leaness

Question 12

the addition of chromium to sow diets have shown an increase in ___________ and _____________

Answer 12

litter size
number born alive

Question 13

vitamin-like compound involved in the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria to produce energy

Answer 13

carnitine

Question 14

the addition of carnitine to finishing pigs improves growth performance and __________

Answer 14

carcass leaness

Question 15

adding carnitine to sow diets increases ___________ and ____________ weight. It has also shown to improve litter size and reduce the _____________________

Answer 15

birth
weaning
number of stillborn/non-viable pigs

***becoming more routine in sow diets

Question 16

involved in regulation of body composition and energy retention

Answer 16

conjugated linoleic acids (CLA)

Question 17

CLA in finishing diets improve what three things

Answer 17

growth performance
carcass leaness
fat firmness

**used in diets with DDGs may offset the issues with fat softness and high iodine values

Question 18

a phenylethanolamine beta-adrenergic agonist that redirects nutrients away from fat deposition and toward lean (muscle) deposition

Answer 18

ractopamine hydrochloride (paylean)

Question 19

Ractopamine hydrochloride (paylean) in finishing diets improves growth rates, feed _______________, and carcass ____________ with minimal effects on pork quality

Answer 19

efficiency
leaness

Question 20

Paylean is labeled for addition to finishing diets at ______________mg/kg for the last ___________ pounds of gain before marketing (21-35d)

Answer 20

5-10
45-90

Question 21

T/ F Ractopamine hydrochloride (paylean) must be continuously supplied up to slaughter as the beneficial effects of ractopamine hydrochloride (paylean) are quickly lost after withdrawal

Answer 21

true

**no effects on humans, no withdrawl
**only approved for pigs going to slaughter