Nutrition

Question 1

Carbohaydrates

Answer 1

4Kcal/gram

Question 2

Protiens

Answer 2

4kcal/gram

Question 3

Fats

Answer 3

9kcal/gram

Question 4

Function of carbs

Answer 4

Provide fuel
Spare proteins
Help prevent ketosis

Question 5

Two kinds of carbs

Answer 5

Simple Such as: sugar. sugar based foods
not nutritive value
Complex - starch, glycogen, fiber takes longer to digest, provide both fiber and nutrients, Sources: cereal grains, rice, pasta, potatoes

Question 6

Proteins

Answer 6

Made up of amino acids
Maintenance & growth, regulate body processes, immunity, engery
two types: Essential and nonessential

Question 7

Proteins

Answer 7

Complete - supply all the essential amino acids. Sources eggs, milk meat, poultry, fish.
Incomplete- lacks one or more amino acids. sources: grains, veg., legumes, nuts, seeds

Question 8

Proteins

Answer 8

Adults require more protein as they get passed age of 65. Lean protein

Question 9

Fats

Answer 9

most concentrated form of energy

Question 10

Fats

Answer 10

saturated-contain all hydrogen they can hold.
polyunsaturated-have some hydration; peanut oil
monounsaturated-olive oil, canola oil almost as much monounsaturated fat as olive oil.
Fat soluble vitamins A,D,E,K.

Question 11

Fats

Answer 11

Triglycerides-simple lipid found in body.

Compound lipids include: Glycolipids-nerve tissue, lipoproteins

Question 12

Lipoproteins

Answer 12

LDL- main carrier of cholesterol, contributor of atherosclerosis.
HDL- carry cholesterol to liver for excretion & reduce risk of atherosclerios

Question 13

Functions of fats

Answer 13

Fuel reserve, organ protection, lubrication, insulation, cell membrane structure.

Question 14

Cholesterol

Answer 14

body makes 1000 mg/day in liver
needed to help produce some hormones
component of bile salts
total less than 200

Question 15

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 15

more stable than water soluble

Question 16

Vitamin A

Answer 16

fat soluble, Retinol preformed, 80-90% absorbed. Provitamin A -carotene 33% absorbed.
Body can store a years supply. Retinol
source egg yolk, butter, liver, kidney, milk
Provitamin comes from carotene.

Question 17

Vitamin A function

Answer 17

vision-rhodopsin, skin, lining of body cavities, bone growth, energy regulation

Question 18

Vitamin A deficiency

Answer 18

Blindness, Excess-yellowing of skin,

Question 19

Vitamin D

Answer 19

Fat soluble. Bone mineralization, stimulates bone cells to build and maintain bone tissue.
Sources sunshine, milk

Question 20

D

Answer 20

Deficiency Rickets, osteomalacia in adults

Toxicity most toxic of all.

Question 21

Vit E

Answer 21

Function-antioxidant
Deficiency-sterility
Sources veg oil, whole grains, milk, eggs, leafy veg
too much can cause excessive bleeding.

Question 22

Vit K

Answer 22

Fat soluble, Function-blood clotting and bone metabolism. Deficiency-newborns don’t have any. Given shot when they are born.
Toxicity- K1, K2 naturally occurring not toxic, K3 too much can cause liver damage, brain damage.

Question 23

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 23

C and b complex

Most cannot be stored in body.

Question 24

Vit C Function

Answer 24

Wound & fx healing.
Antioxidant
Adrenal gland function
Fe absorption
Folic acid conversion

Question 25

Vit C Deficiency

Answer 25

Survey-gums that bleed, 300mg/day x 5 days is treatment. 10mg/day will prevent it.
Excessive-false positive on glucose
Source - Fruits citrus, tomatoes

Question 26

B complex

Answer 26

Thelma - thiamin - B1
Rose - riboflavin - B2
Never - niacin - B3
Passes - pyridoxine - B6
For folic acid - folate
Being 12

Question 27

Thiamin B1

Answer 27

Function: Convert tryptophan to niacin. Coenzyme in CHO metabolism.
Deficiency: Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome- chronic alcoholism.
Sources: pork, wheat germ, brewers yeast.

Question 28

Riboflavin B2

Answer 28

Function: converts to coenzyme, by thyroid and adrenal hormones, for protein metabolism.
Deficiency: mostly in people that avoid dairy products. causes lesions.
Sources: whole grains, organ meat, milk , eggs

Question 29

Niacin B3

Answer 29

Function: converts glucose to energy and synthesis of fats.
Deficiency: Pellagra “3D’s” Dermatitis-red rash on face and hands, neck - looks like gloves -feet, diarrhea, dementia.
Toxicity: causes flushing.
Can be used to treat elevated lipid levels. 3-6grs/day.

Question 30

Pyridoxine B6

Answer 30

Function: synthesis & catabolism of amino acids. Metabolism of more than 60 enzymes, converts Vit E to niacin. manufacutures antibodies.
Deficiency: unusual, Toxicity: Numbness in hands and feet, severe ataxia.
Sources Pork , organ meats, whole grains, bananas.

Question 31

Folate Folic acid

Answer 31

Function: Formation of DNA and HEME (carriers iron)
Deficiency: cell division, & protein synthesis. Red smooth swollen tongue, heartburn, diarrhea, fainting, fatigue.
Toxicity is rare
Sources Liver, veg, some fruit.

Question 32

Vit B12

Answer 32

Function: DNA replication, RBC manufacturing
Deficiency: numbness in hands and feet, High risk for people with stomach or intestinal disease.
Sources: animal protein, yeast & vit 12.

Question 33

Other B Complex

Answer 33

Pantothenic acid - wide variety of foods
Biotin - synthesis of fatty acids & amino acids
Required to form puriens, essential for DNA and RNA.