Erickson stages Flashcards
1.Define the eight stages of life according to Erikson.
Trust vs Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Initiative vs Guilt Industry vs Inferiority Identity vs Role Confusion Intimacy vs Isolation Generatively vs Stagnation Ego Integrity vs Despair
Stage One Trust vs Mistrust.
. Birth to 12 months
Stage Two Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
13 months to 3 years
Stage Three Initiative vs Guilt
Preschool 3 to 5 years
Stage Four Industry vs Inferiority
School age 6-11 years 11 = puberty
Stage Five Identity vs Role Confusion
puberty – 21 years
Stage Six Intimacy vs Isolation
Young Adulthood 21 – 40 years
Stage Seven Generatively vs Stagnation
40 – 65 years
Stage Eight Ego Integrity vs Despair
Older Adulthood 65 years – death
2.Differentiate between the positive and negative outcomes of each stage
………..
Stage One
Positive
Establish trust, learns to trust others, sense of own trustworthiness
Negative
Develops mistrust, acute tension appears in child. withdrawal and estrangement.
Stage Two Positive
Ability to control bodily functions. Developing a sene of autonomy. Can cooperate and express oneself.
Negative
Screaming, licking, hitting, biting or breathe holding. Self-control with loss of self-esteem and positive body image.
Stage three positive
learns acceptable behavior. Develops socializations and communication skills, sense of initiative, pride in new accomplishments.
Negative
If child is repeatedly criticized/punished for attempts to explore and learn, develops feeling of guilt, shame, and fear. Reluctant to try new activities. No initiative feel defeat and angry.
Stage four Positive
Sense of industry can demonstrate skills and production of things. Develops self-esteem through achievements, Makes friends, peers are important. Socialization is developing.
Negative
Sense of inferiority can’t separate from parent. Success is unattainable, confidence is lost, and will not take pleasure in attempting new experiences. Withdrawal from school and peers.
Stage Five positive
Coherent sense of self. Plans to actualize one’s abilities
Negative
Feelings of confusion, indecisiveness, possible antisocial behavior
Stage six positive
Capacity for love, commitment to work and relationships
Negative
Isolation. Cannot make commitments.
Stage seven Positive
Creativity, productive, sees worth in society and self. Wants to leave a legacy behind.
Negative
Sees no worth in society or self. Impoverishment of self.
Stage eight Positive
Acceptance of one’s life.
Belief that choices made best at time. Control of one’s life. A life with dignity.
Negative
Despair, disappointed with one’s life, feels dissatisfied. If given another chance would do things different.
3.Discuss developmental task accomplished during each Erikson’s stages.
……… :)
Stage one develops
trust from caregiver meeting the basic needs of the infant of food, sucking, warmth, comfort, love and security consistently. This is critical for normal development and survival.
Stage two develops
beginning of independence and self-control. Gains independence through parental encouragement.
Stage three
Achieve a sense of initiative. Takes pride in new accomplishments. Develops realistic sense of purpose, and the ability to evaluate one’s own behavior.
Stage four development
of a sense of industry. Secure sense of self as separated from family. Can make friends, peers are important. Realization of competence and perseverance.
Stage five
Identity formations the major developmental task of adolescence; other task are the formation of a sexual and vocational identity and the ability to emancipate oneself from the family.
Stage six
Young adults are in an intense search for self and focus on developing their capacity for reciprocal love and close personal relationship based on commitments.
Stage seven
Individual must balance the feeling that life is personally and socially satisfying with the feeling that it is without meaning.
Stage eight
Acceptance of the worth and uniqueness of one’s life, sense of loss and contempt for others.
Erickson’s four major organizing concepts
Stages of development
Developmental goals or tasks
Psychosocial crises
The process of coping.
Erikson believed
that development is a continuous process made up of distinct stages, characterized by the achievement of developmental goals that are affected by the social environ- ment and significant others.
Four major components of Freud’s theory are:
the unconscious mind
the id
the ego
the superego
“The unconscious mind “
” contains memories, motives, fantasies, and fears that are not easily recalled but that directly affect behavior.”
The id
” is the part of the mind concerned with self-gratification by the easiest and quickest available means.”
The ego
” is the conscious part of the mind that serves as a mediator between the desires of the id and the constraints of “reality so that one might live effectively within one’s social, physical, and psychological environment. The ego includes one’s intelligence, memory, problem solving, separation of reality from fantasy, and incorporation of experiences and learning into future behavior. Ego development continues throughout life.
“The superego”
“is the part of the mind that represents one’s conscience. The superego represents the internalization of rules and values so that socially acceptable behavior is practiced.
- Sue has blue eyes and is 5 feet tall. Tom has brown eyes and is 6 feet tall. These physical characteristics are primarily determined by which of the following?
a. Socialization with caregivers
b. Maternal nutrition during pregnancy
c. Genetic information on chromosomes
d. Meeting developmental tasks
- c. Physical appearance and growth have a predetermined genetic base from inheritance patterns carried on the chromosomes.
- The developing fetus exhibits a common trend in growth and development. Which of the following growth and development trends initially occurs?
a. Symmetric
b. Cephalocaudal
c. Proximodistal
d. Lateral
- b. The head and brain (cephalocaudal) grow and develop first in the fetus.
- A 2-year-old grabs a handful of cake sitting on the table and stuffs it in his mouth. According to Freud, what part of the mind is the child satisfying?
a. Id
b. Superego
c. Ego
d. Unconscious mind”
- a. Freud defined the id as the part of the mind concerned with self-gratification by the easiest and quickest available means.
- What is the primary developmental stage of the preschool-aged child, as described by Erikson?
a. Industry versus inferiority
b. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
c. Trust versus mistrust
d. Initiative versus guilt”
- d. The preschool child seeks new learning experiences (initiative); if restrictions or reprimands result, the child feels guilty and is hesitant to try new skills.
- An older adult smiles as she talks about her life events. This, according to Erikson, is demonstrating what developmental stage?
a. Ego integrity
b. Generativity
c. Intimacy
d. Identity”
- a. Reminiscence during the older years of one’s life provides a sense of fulfillment and purpose (ego integrity).
- What did Havighurst define as a developmental task of the adolescent?
a. Learning sex differences and sexual modesty
b. Taking on civic responsibility
c. Accepting one’s body and using it effectively
d. Achieving personal independence
- c. The adolescent must learn to accept his or her body and use it effectively.
- Based on Piaget’s theory, children between the ages of 2 and 7 years use play for what purpose?
a. To classify objects based on characteristics
b. To understand life events and relationships
c. To relate own enjoyment of random behaviors
d. To incorporate the perspective of others”
- b. Children ages 2 to 7 years are in the preoperational stage, and use play to help understand life events and relationships.
- Which of the following factors initially influences moral development as defined in Kohlberg’s theory?
a. Parent–child communications
b. Societal rules and regulations
c. Social and religious rules
d. One’s beliefs and values
- a. Moral development in the young child results from communications as the child tries to please his or her parents.
- In Gilligan’s theory, women develop morality differently than do men. How did she describe this morality in women?
a. Law and justice
b. Obligations and rights
c. Order and selfishness
d. Response and care
- d. Gilligan believed that, for women, response and care are a universal obligation toward self and others.
- During the development of faith, described by Fowler, the teenager commonly does which of the following?
a. Accepts parental attitudes and beliefs
b. Exhibits a value of justice for others
c. Questions previously accepted values
d. Demonstrates responsibility for own beliefs
- c. Synthetic–conventional faith is characteristic of many adolescents, as they begin to question values in an attempt to stabilize their own identity.
