Health and Illness

Question 0

Chronic illness

Answer 0

Comes on gradual, long lasting from months to a lifetime.

Examples: diabetes, CHF

Question 1

Acute illness

Answer 1

Comes on quick, doesn’t last very long. Disease you can recover from.

Question 2

Exacerbation

Answer 2

When the disease comes back. What can make the disease get worst. The symptoms of the disease comes back.

Question 3

Holistic care

Answer 3

Caring for the whole person, not just the disease.

Question 4

Morbidity

Answer 4

how frequently a disease occurs

Question 5

Mortality

Answer 5

numbers of deaths.

Caused by a disease.

Question 6

Remission

Answer 6

(when the disease is present, but the person does not experience symptoms).

Question 7

Risk factors

Answer 7

The very young and the elderly are at high risk for disease.
something that increases a person’s chances for illness or injury.

Question 8

Health

Answer 8

health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (World Health Organization, 1974).

Question 9

Wellness

Answer 9

active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, and emotional health.

Question 10

Illness

Answer 10

the response of the person to a disease; it is an abnormal process in which the person’s level of functioning is changed when compared with a previous level.

Question 11

Disease

Answer 11

is a medical term, meaning that there is a patho- logic change in the structure or function of the body or mind.

Question 12

Primary objectives of a nurse as caregiver

Answer 12

are to promote health, to prevent illness, to restore health, and to facilitate coping with illness, disability, or death.

Question 13

Levels of preventive care

Answer 13

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

Question 14

Primary health prevention

Answer 14

illness prevention is directed toward promoting health and preventing the development of disease processes or injury

Question 15

Secondary health prevention

Answer 15

focuses on screening for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment of those found.

Question 16

Tertiary

Answer 16

begins after an illness is diagnosed and treated to reduce disability and to help rehabilitate patients to a maximum level of functioning.

Question 17

What are health beliefs?

Answer 17

May be based on fact, common sense, long standing traditions or myths.
Some are based in science and medicine and some in popular culture.
Individual education, culture, ethnicity, and religion.
Can be positive and negative.

Question 18

Health belief model

Answer 18

(Rosenstock, 1974) is concerned with what people perceive, or believe, to be true about themselves in relation to their health. This model is based on three components of individual perceptions of threat of a disease: (1) perceived susceptibility to a disease, (2) perceived seriousness of a disease, and (3) perceived benefits of action.

Question 19

Health promotion model

Answer 19

(Pender, Murdaugh, & Parsons, 2006) was developed to illustrate how people interact with their environment as they pursue health. The model incorporates individual characteristics and experiences and behavior-specific knowledge and beliefs, to motivate health-promoting behavior.

Question 20

Health-Illness continuum

Answer 20

one way to measure a person’s level of health.
This model views health as a constantly changing state, with high-level wellness and death being on opposite ends of a graduated scale, or continuum.

Question 21

Agent-Host-Enviroment

Answer 21

Leavell and Clark (1965), is useful for examining the causes of disease in an individual. An agent is an environmental factor or stressor that must be present or absent for an illness to occur.

Question 22

Stages of illness

Answer 22

1. Experiencing symptoms - how a person defines themselves as being sick.
2. Assuming the sick role - seeks validation of this experience from others, gives up normal activities, and assumes a “sick role.”
3. Assuming a dependent role - accept the diagnosis and follow the prescribed treatment plan.
4. Recovery and rehabilitation - person gives up the dependent role and resumes normal activities and responsibilities.

Question 23

Impact of illness on family

Answer 23

Behavior / emotional change
Family role
Body image
Self- concept
Family dynamics

Question 24

Nurse’s role in health and illness

Answer 24

Establish trust
Gather health history, chief complaint, history of present illness.
Greet and introduce their self.
Prepare clients room.
Orient patient to their surroundings.
Competent with skills / assessment

Question 25

Allopathic

Answer 25

the term generally used to describe “traditional” medical care, dominant for about 100 years, which spearheaded remarkable advances in biotechnology, surgical interventions, pharmaceutical approaches, and diagnostic tools.

Question 26

Of the following statements, which is most true of health and illness?

a. Health and illness are the same for all people.
b. Health and illness are individually defined by each person.
c. People with acute illnesses are actually healthy.
d. People with chronic illnesses have poor health beliefs.

Answer 26

b. Each person defines health and illness individually,

based on a number of factors.

Question 27

A nurse has volunteered to give influenza injections at a local clinic. What level of care is he demonstrating?

a. Tertiary
b. Secondary
c. Primary
d. Promotive

Answer 27

c. Giving influenza injections is an example of primary health promotion and illness prevention.

Question 28

A nurse’s neighbor tells her, “I have a high temperature, feel awful, and I am not going to work.” What stage of illness behavior is the neighbor exhibiting?

a. Experiencing symptoms
b. Assuming the sick role
c. Assuming a dependent role
d. Achieving recovery and rehabilitation

Answer 28

b. When people assume the sick role, they define themselves as ill, seek validation of this experience from others, and give up normal activities.

Question 29

A nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure, a chronic illness. Which of the following characteristics is not a part of chronic illness?

a. Permanent change in body structure or function
b. Self-treatment that relieves symptoms
c. Long period of treatment and care
d. Often has remissions and exacerbations

Answer 29

b. Acute illnesses are often self-treated to relieve symptoms.

Question 30

The agent–host–environment model of health and illness is based on what concept?

a. Risk factors
b. Infectious diseases
c. Behaviors to promote health
d. Stages of illness

Answer 30

a. The interaction of the agent–host–environment creates risk factors that increase the probability of disease.

Question 31

When providing health promotion classes, a nurse uses concepts from models of health. What do both the health–illness continuum and the high-level wellness models demonstrate?

a. Illness as a fixed point in time
b. The importance of family
c. Wellness as a passive state
d. Health as a constantly changing state

Answer 31

d. Both these models view health as a dynamic (constantly changing state).

Question 32

Following the birth of his first child and after reading about the long-term effects of nicotine, John decides to stop smoking. This behavior change is most likely based on John’s perceptions of all but one of the following. Which one is not true?

a. His susceptibility to lung cancer
b. How serious lung cancer would be
c. What benefits his stopping smoking will have
d. Personal choice and economic factors

Answer 32

d. Responses a, b, and c are components of the health belief model.

Question 33

Of the following clinic patients, which one is most likely to have annual breast examinations and mammograms based on the physical human dimension?

a. Jane, because her best friend had a benign breast lump removed
b. Sarah, who lives in a low-income neighborhood
c. Tricia, who has a family history of breast cancer
d. Nancy, because her family encourages regular physical examinations

Answer 33

c. A family history of breast cancer is a major risk factor.

Question 34

9. A nurse is asked to teach a group of young adults a healthy lifestyle. One young man says, “I stopped eating fast foods to lose weight.” What model of health or illness explains this behavior?
   a. Health–illness continuum
   b. Agent–host–environment model
   c. Health promotion model
   d. Health belief model

Answer 34

c. The health promotion model illustrates how health-related behaviors and beliefs promote health.

Question 35

10. A nurse follows the guidelines for a healthy lifestyle. How can this promote health in others?
    a. By being a role model for healthy behaviors
    b. By not requiring sick days from work
    c. By never exposing others to any type of illness
    d. By spending less money on food

Answer 35

a. Good personal health enables the nurse to serve as a role model for patients and families.