Exam 7 Defense Mechanisms Flashcards

0
Q

Affiliation

A

Seeking out help

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Passive Aggression

A

Taking out on others passively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Palliative

A

Anxiety decreases but doesn’t solve problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Denial

A

Unconscious refusal to admit an unacceptable idea or behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sublimation

A

Channeling anxiety into acceptable activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Suppression

A

Suppressing anxiety till can deal with it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Acting out

A

Dealing with feelings thru actions instead of feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anticipation

A

Preparing for the anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dysfunctional

A

Does not reduce anxiety or solve problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Displacement

A

Transferring feelings to something else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Idealization

A

Idolizing a desired object or person despict of reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Introjection

A

Unconsciously incorps feelings of others as their own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fantasy

A

Creating an imaginary life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dissociation

A

Separation of painful feelings from unacceptable situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Maladaptive

A

Tries different ways to decrease anxiety without solving the problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Reaction Formation

A

Saying opposite of what feeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Unconscious intrapsychic process used to ward off anxiety by preventing conscious awareness of threatening feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Compensation

A

Covering up weakness by making up with another desirable trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Regression

A

Returning to earlier developmental stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Altruism

A

Helping others before oneself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Adaptive

A

Acknowledges, solves problem, & decreases anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Humor

A

Finding humor in painful situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Intellectualization

A

uses logic without feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Undoing

A

Doing opposite of what you feel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Somatization

A

Taking anxiety turning into physical symptom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Repression

A

Suppressing painful memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Rationalization

A

Justifying a reason for actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Devaluation

A

Deals with conflict by degrading with negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Projection

A

Blaming someone else for their unacceptable thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Conversion

A

Transferring anxiety into a physical symptom with no cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Splitting

A

Inability to intergrate positive or negative qualities of oneself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Altruism

A

Doing good and kind things for others, rather than worrying about one’s own immediate satisfaction or tears.
Handling your own pain by helping others

Example:
After your wife dies, you keep yourself busy by volunteering at your church.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Affiliation

A

Seeking out others for emotional support or physical help.
Sharing problems with others but does not imply trying to make someone else responsible for them.

Example:
An alcoholic who wants to take a drink and chooses to attend an extra AA meeting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Somatization

A

Transferring anxiety on an unconscious level into a physical symptom.
Conflicts are represented by physical symptoms involving parts of the body innervated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Example:
A professor develops laryngitis on the day he is scheduled to defend a research proposal to a group of peers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Displacement

A

Discharging pent-up feelings to a less-threatening object
Transference of emotions associated with a particular person, object, or situation to another non threatening person, object or situation.

Taking your anger out on something else instead of addressing the problem.

Example you get mad at your sister and break your drinking glass by throwing it against the wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Types of Defense Mechanisms
Unhealthy
Others

A
Compensation
Intellectualizations
Introspection
Conversion
Regression
Fantasy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Introjection

A

Unconsciously incorporating wishes, values, and attitudes of others as if they were your own.
Process by which the outside world is incorporated or absorbed into a person’s view of the self.

Example:
When a person becomes depressed due to the loss of a loved one, his feelings are directed to the mental image of the loved one.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Suppression

A

Voluntary seclusion from awareness, anxiety-producing feelings, ideas, and situations.
May lead to subsequent repression

Example:
A business man who is preparing to make an important speech is told by his wife that day she wants a divorce. Although visibly upset, he puts the incident aside until after his speech when he can give the matter his total concentration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Regression

A

Return to an earlier and more comfortable developmental level.
Reverting to an earlier, childlike, less mature way of handling stress and feelings.

Example:
You and your roommate get into an argument so you stomp off into another room and pout.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

……….Palliative Coping………..

A

Temporarily decreases the anxiety, but does not solve the problem.
Anxiety usually returns
Temporary allows the patient to return to problem solving.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Conversion

A

The unconscious expression of intra-psychic conflict symbolically through physical symptoms.
Unconscious transformation of anxiety into a physical symptom with no organic cause.

Example:
A man becomes blind after seeing his wife with other men.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Intellectualization

A

Using only logical explanations without feelings or an affective component. Process by which events are analyzed based on remote, cold, facts, and without passion, rather than incorporating feeling and emotion into the process.

Focus on the task at hand no emotions is involved.

Example:
A man responds to the death of his wife by focusing on the details of the day; care and operating the household, rather than processing the grief with his children.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Fantasy

A

Imaginary lives are created.

Example:
A person who is socially inadequate that all members of the opposite sex find them attractive and want to be with them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

TYPES OF DEFENSE MECHANISMS
UNHEALTHY
Intermediate

A
Repression
Displacement
Reaction formation
Somatization
Undoing
Rationalization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Reaction Formation

A

A conscious behavior that is the exact opposite of an unconscious feeling.
Unacceptable feelings or behaviors are controlled are kept out of awareness by developing the opposite behavior or emotion.

Saying the opposite of what you actually feel.

Example: When you say you’re not angry when you really are.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Dissociation

A

The unconscious separation of painful feelings and emotions from an unacceptable idea, situation or object.
Disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment.

Example:
A victim of abuse recalls that at time of abuse they felt as if they were outside their body watching the event without feeling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Devaluation

A

When emotional conflicts or stressors are dealt with by attributing negative qualities to self or others.
Deal with emotional conflict by attributing exaggerated negative qualities to self or others.

Example:
A woman who is very jealous of a co-worker says “oh yes, she won the award. Those awards don’t mean anything anyway and I wonder what she had to do to be chosen,”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Idealization

A

Emotional conflicts or stressor are dealt with by attributing exaggerated positive qualities to others.
Overestimate the desirable qualities and underestimates the limitations of the desired object.

Example:
A women met the most wonderful and perfect man. No one could tell her that he had quirks like everyone else. When the man failed to live up. To her expectations, she was devastated and gave up on all men.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Splitting

A

Inability to integrate the positive or negative qualities of oneself or others.

Example:
The patient viewed the therapist as the most wonderful, loving, and insightful therapist she had ever had. When the therapist refused to write her a prescription for Valium, the patient shouted at her that she was “stupid and thick headed” and demanded another therapist “right away”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Anxiety

Coping strategies………….Adaptive Coping…………

A

Use of defense mechanisms helps people lower anxiety to achieve goals in acceptable ways.

Example: fired from job goes looking for job this is productive and turns into a positive reaction.

Solves the problem that is causing the anxiety, so the anxiety is decreased.
The patient is objective, rational, and productive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Humor

A

Noticing the amusing or ironic aspects of something rather than the unpleasant aspects.
Focusing on funny aspects of a painful situation.

Example:
A person’s treatment for cancer makes him lose his hair so he makes jokes about being bald.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Dysfunctional coping

A

Is not successful in reducing anxiety or solving the problem.

Even minimal functioning becomes difficult.

New problems begin to develop.

( anxiety never reduced the problem)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Unconscious intrapsychic process used to ward off anxiety by preventing conscious awareness of threatening feelings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Undoing

A

Doing something to counteract or make up for a transgression or wrong doing.
Most commonly seen in children
When a person makes up for an act or communication

Example:
You have feelings of dislike for someone so you buy them a gift.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Compensation

A

Covering up for weakness by overemphasizing or making up a desirable trait.
To make up for perceived deficiencies and cover up short comings related to these deficiencies to protect the conscious mind from recognizing them.

Can be positive, can help reinforce self esteem

Example:
A shorter than average man becomes assertively verbal and excels in business.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Types of Defense Mechanisms
Unhealthy
Immature

A
Passive aggression
Acting out
Dissociation
Devaluation
Idealization
Splitting
Projection
Denial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Repression

A

First line of defense of anxiety
Unconscious and involuntary forgetting of painful ideas, events, and conflicts.
Temporary or long-term exclusion of unpleasant or unwanted experiences, emotions, or ideas from conscious awareness

Example: You can’t remember your father’s funeral.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Maladaptive Coping

A

Using one or more defense mechanisms in excess, particularly in the overuse of immature defense.

Unsuccessful attempts to decrease the anxiety without attempting to solve the problem.

The anxiety usually remains.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Anticipation

A

Thinking ahead to events that might occur in the future and considering realistic responses or solutions.
Deals with emotional conflict by experiencing emotional reactions in advance of possible future events and considering realistic, alternative responses.

Putting money aside to pay a bill on time.

Example:
Knowing your car payment and house payment are due on the same date and you put money in savings account to assume ability to pay on time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Rationalization

A

Attempts to make or prove that one’s feelings or behaviors are justifiable.
Justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas, actions, or feelings by developing acceptable explanations that satisfy the teller as well as the listener.

(Make feel better about your actions).

Examples:
I always study hard for test and I know a lot of people who cheat so it’s not a big deal I cheated this time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Conclusion

A nurse must learn to recognize these behaviors when dealing with clients.

Do not take things personally when this type of behavior occurs.

Teach your client healthy coping strategies, as well as the ability to recognize and change the unhealthy behavior.

Teach them how to recognize what they are doing.

A

And SMILE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Can be healthy or not-so-healthy

Adaptive use helps people lower anxiety to achieve goals in acceptable ways.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Two common features of defense mechanisms

A
  1. They all operate on an unconscious level and are operating all the time.
  2. They deny, falsify, or distort reality to make it less threatening.
63
Q

Denial

A

Unconscious refusal to admit an unacceptable idea or behavior. Not accepting reality because it is too painful.

Example:
You are arrested for drunk driving several times but don’t believe you have a problem with alcohol.d

64
Q

Types of defense mechanisms

Healthy

A
Sublimation
Anticipation
Affiliation
Altruism
Humor
Sometimes suppression
65
Q

Acting out

A

Dealing with anxiety or stress with actions rather than reflection of feelings.
Deals with emotional conflict by actions rather than reflections or feelings.

Example:
Child’s temper tantrum when she doesn’t get her way with a parent.

66
Q

Sublimation

A

Channeling instinctual drives into acceptable activities.
Unconscious process of substituting mature, constructive, and socially acceptable activity for immature, destructive, and unacceptable impulses.

Channeling anger in a positive manner.

Example:
A person with anger issues initiates an intensive exercise program.

67
Q

Projections

A

Blaming someone else for one’s difficulties or placing one’s unethical desires on someone else.
Attributing your own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone or something else.
Lack of insight or one’s own motivation.

Example:
A man who is unconsciously attracted to other women teases his wife about flirting.

68
Q

Passive aggression

A

Anger towards others is acted out passively.
Deals with emotional conflict or internal/external stressors by indirectly or unassertively expressing aggression toward others.

Example:
An individual promised to give an acquaintance a ride but leaves early because they really do not like the person

69
Q

Reaction Formation

A

A conscious behavior that is the exact opposite of an unconscious feeling.
Unacceptable feelings or behaviors are controlled are kept out of awareness by developing the opposite behavior or emotion.

Saying the opposite of what you actually feel.

Example: When you say you’re not angry when you really are.

70
Q

Conclusion

A nurse must learn to recognize these behaviors when dealing with clients.

Do not take things personally when this type of behavior occurs.

Teach your client healthy coping strategies, as well as the ability to recognize and change the unhealthy behavior.

Teach them how to recognize what they are doing.

A

And SMILE

71
Q

Dysfunctional coping

A

Is not successful in reducing anxiety or solving the problem.

Even minimal functioning becomes difficult.

New problems begin to develop.

( anxiety never reduced the problem)

72
Q

Splitting

A

Inability to integrate the positive or negative qualities of oneself or others.

Example:
The patient viewed the therapist as the most wonderful, loving, and insightful therapist she had ever had. When the therapist refused to write her a prescription for Valium, the patient shouted at her that she was “stupid and thick headed” and demanded another therapist “right away”.

73
Q

Idealization

A

Emotional conflicts or stressor are dealt with by attributing exaggerated positive qualities to others.
Overestimate the desirable qualities and underestimates the limitations of the desired object.

Example:
A women met the most wonderful and perfect man. No one could tell her that he had quirks like everyone else. When the man failed to live up. To her expectations, she was devastated and gave up on all men.

74
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Can be healthy or not-so-healthy

Adaptive use helps people lower anxiety to achieve goals in acceptable ways.

75
Q

Sublimation

A

Channeling instinctual drives into acceptable activities.
Unconscious process of substituting mature, constructive, and socially acceptable activity for immature, destructive, and unacceptable impulses.

Channeling anger in a positive manner.

Example:
A person with anger issues initiates an intensive exercise program.

76
Q

Altruism

A

Doing good and kind things for others, rather than worrying about one’s own immediate satisfaction or tears.
Handling your own pain by helping others

Example:
After your wife dies, you keep yourself busy by volunteering at your church.

77
Q

Intellectualization

A

Using only logical explanations without feelings or an affective component. Process by which events are analyzed based on remote, cold, facts, and without passion, rather than incorporating feeling and emotion into the process.

Focus on the task at hand no emotions is involved.

Example:
A man responds to the death of his wife by focusing on the details of the day; care and operating the household, rather than processing the grief with his children.

78
Q

Acting out

A

Dealing with anxiety or stress with actions rather than reflection of feelings.
Deals with emotional conflict by actions rather than reflections or feelings.

Example:
Child’s temper tantrum when she doesn’t get her way with a parent.

79
Q

Dissociation

A

The unconscious separation of painful feelings and emotions from an unacceptable idea, situation or object.
Disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment.

Example:
A victim of abuse recalls that at time of abuse they felt as if they were outside their body watching the event without feeling.

80
Q

Undoing

A

Doing something to counteract or make up for a transgression or wrong doing.
Most commonly seen in children
When a person makes up for an act or communication

Example:
You have feelings of dislike for someone so you buy them a gift.

81
Q

Two common features of defense mechanisms

A
  1. They all operate on an unconscious level and are operating all the time.
  2. They deny, falsify, or distort reality to make it less threatening.
82
Q

Projections

A

Blaming someone else for one’s difficulties or placing one’s unethical desires on someone else.
Attributing your own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone or something else.
Lack of insight or one’s own motivation.

Example:
A man who is unconsciously attracted to other women teases his wife about flirting.

83
Q

Repression

A

First line of defense of anxiety
Unconscious and involuntary forgetting of painful ideas, events, and conflicts.
Temporary or long-term exclusion of unpleasant or unwanted experiences, emotions, or ideas from conscious awareness

Example: You can’t remember your father’s funeral.

84
Q

Affiliation

A

Seeking out others for emotional support or physical help.
Sharing problems with others but does not imply trying to make someone else responsible for them.

Example:
An alcoholic who wants to take a drink and chooses to attend an extra AA meeting.

85
Q

Maladaptive Coping

A

Using one or more defense mechanisms in excess, particularly in the overuse of immature defense.

Unsuccessful attempts to decrease the anxiety without attempting to solve the problem.

The anxiety usually remains.

86
Q

Types of Defense Mechanisms
Unhealthy
Immature

A
Passive aggression
Acting out
Dissociation
Devaluation
Idealization
Splitting
Projection
Denial
87
Q

Types of defense mechanisms

Healthy

A
Sublimation
Anticipation
Affiliation
Altruism
Humor
Sometimes suppression
88
Q

Fantasy

A

Imaginary lives are created.

Example:
A person who is socially inadequate that all members of the opposite sex find them attractive and want to be with them.

89
Q

Introjection

A

Unconsciously incorporating wishes, values, and attitudes of others as if they were your own.
Process by which the outside world is incorporated or absorbed into a person’s view of the self.

Example:
When a person becomes depressed due to the loss of a loved one, his feelings are directed to the mental image of the loved one.

90
Q

Suppression

A

Voluntary seclusion from awareness, anxiety-producing feelings, ideas, and situations.
May lead to subsequent repression

Example:
A business man who is preparing to make an important speech is told by his wife that day she wants a divorce. Although visibly upset, he puts the incident aside until after his speech when he can give the matter his total concentration.

91
Q

……….Palliative Coping………..

A

Temporarily decreases the anxiety, but does not solve the problem.
Anxiety usually returns
Temporary allows the patient to return to problem solving.

92
Q

Conversion

A

The unconscious expression of intra-psychic conflict symbolically through physical symptoms.
Unconscious transformation of anxiety into a physical symptom with no organic cause.

Example:
A man becomes blind after seeing his wife with other men.

93
Q

Anxiety

Coping strategies………….Adaptive Coping…………

A

Use of defense mechanisms helps people lower anxiety to achieve goals in acceptable ways.

Example: fired from job goes looking for job this is productive and turns into a positive reaction.

Solves the problem that is causing the anxiety, so the anxiety is decreased.
The patient is objective, rational, and productive.

94
Q

Types of Defense Mechanisms
Unhealthy
Others

A
Compensation
Intellectualizations
Introspection
Conversion
Regression
Fantasy
95
Q

Humor

A

Noticing the amusing or ironic aspects of something rather than the unpleasant aspects.
Focusing on funny aspects of a painful situation.

Example:
A person’s treatment for cancer makes him lose his hair so he makes jokes about being bald.

96
Q

Displacement

A

Discharging pent-up feelings to a less-threatening object
Transference of emotions associated with a particular person, object, or situation to another non threatening person, object or situation.

Taking your anger out on something else instead of addressing the problem.

Example you get mad at your sister and break your drinking glass by throwing it against the wall.

97
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Unconscious intrapsychic process used to ward off anxiety by preventing conscious awareness of threatening feelings.

98
Q

Passive aggression

A

Anger towards others is acted out passively.
Deals with emotional conflict or internal/external stressors by indirectly or unassertively expressing aggression toward others.

Example:
An individual promised to give an acquaintance a ride but leaves early because they really do not like the person

99
Q

Denial

A

Unconscious refusal to admit an unacceptable idea or behavior. Not accepting reality because it is too painful.

Example:
You are arrested for drunk driving several times but don’t believe you have a problem with alcohol.d

100
Q

TYPES OF DEFENSE MECHANISMS
UNHEALTHY
Intermediate

A
Repression
Displacement
Reaction formation
Somatization
Undoing
Rationalization
101
Q

Compensation

A

Covering up for weakness by overemphasizing or making up a desirable trait.
To make up for perceived deficiencies and cover up short comings related to these deficiencies to protect the conscious mind from recognizing them.

Can be positive, can help reinforce self esteem

Example:
A shorter than average man becomes assertively verbal and excels in business.

102
Q

Devaluation

A

When emotional conflicts or stressors are dealt with by attributing negative qualities to self or others.
Deal with emotional conflict by attributing exaggerated negative qualities to self or others.

Example:
A woman who is very jealous of a co-worker says “oh yes, she won the award. Those awards don’t mean anything anyway and I wonder what she had to do to be chosen,”

103
Q

Regression

A

Return to an earlier and more comfortable developmental level.
Reverting to an earlier, childlike, less mature way of handling stress and feelings.

Example:
You and your roommate get into an argument so you stomp off into another room and pout.

104
Q

Anticipation

A

Thinking ahead to events that might occur in the future and considering realistic responses or solutions.
Deals with emotional conflict by experiencing emotional reactions in advance of possible future events and considering realistic, alternative responses.

Putting money aside to pay a bill on time.

Example:
Knowing your car payment and house payment are due on the same date and you put money in savings account to assume ability to pay on time.

105
Q

Somatization

A

Transferring anxiety on an unconscious level into a physical symptom.
Conflicts are represented by physical symptoms involving parts of the body innervated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Example:
A professor develops laryngitis on the day he is scheduled to defend a research proposal to a group of peers.

106
Q

Rationalization

A

Attempts to make or prove that one’s feelings or behaviors are justifiable.
Justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas, actions, or feelings by developing acceptable explanations that satisfy the teller as well as the listener.

(Make feel better about your actions).

Examples:
I always study hard for test and I know a lot of people who cheat so it’s not a big deal I cheated this time.

107
Q

A patient using somatization is transferring ________ on an ________ level into a physical symptom.

A

Anxiety

Unconscious

108
Q

Passive aggression

A

~Anger toward others is acted out passively

~deals with emotional conflict or internal/external stressors by indirectly or unassertively expressing aggression toward others

Ex. Promise to do something and not doing it
An individual promised to give an acquaintance a ride but leaves erly because they really do no like the person

109
Q

Maladaptive coping

A

Use of defense mechanisms occurs when one or several are used in excess, particularly in the overuse of immature defenses

Ex. loses job and goes out drinking causing other problems

110
Q

Regression

A

~return to an earlier and more comfortable developmental level
~ reverting to an earlier, childlike, less mature way of handling stresses and feelings

Ex. You and your roommate have got into an argument so you stomp off into another room and pout

111
Q

Intellectualization

A

~ using only logical explanations without feelings or affective component
~ process by which events are analyzed based on remote, cold, facts, and without passion, rather than incorporating feeling and emotion into the process

Ex. A man responds to the death of his wife by focusing on the details of the day: care and operating the household, rather than processing the grief with his children

112
Q

Rationalization

A

~Attempts to make or prove that ones feelings or behaviors are justifiable

~ justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas, actions,or feelings by developing acceptable explanations that satisfy the teller well as the listener.

Ex. I always study hard for tests and I know a lot of people who cheat so it’s not a big deal that I cheated this time

113
Q

Adaptive use of defense mechanisms helps people lower ________ to achieve goals in acceptable ways.

A

Anxiety

114
Q

In patients using maladaptive coping, anxiety usually ________.

A

Remains

115
Q

Dysfunctional coping

A

–Is not successful in reducing anxiety or solving the problem

–even minimal functioning becomes difficult

– new problems begin to develop

Ex. Guy goes out drinking, decides to go gambling and loses all of his money

116
Q

Types of healthy defense mechanisms

A
~ sublimation
~ anticipation
~ affiliation
~altruism
~ humor
~ sometimes suppression
117
Q

Two common features of defense mechanisms

A
  1. They all operate on an unconscious level and are operating all of the time
  2. They deny, falsify, or distort reality to make it less threatening
118
Q

Undoing is doing something to ________ or make up for a ________or wrong doing

A

Counteract

Transgression

119
Q

Altruism

A

~Doing good and kind things for others, rather than worrying about ones own immediate satisfaction of fears

~Handling your own pain by helping others

Ex. After your wife dies , you keep yourself busy by volunteering at your church

(this could be negative when you don’t take time for yourself)

120
Q

Denial

A

~ unconscious refusal to admit and unacceptable idea or behavior

~ not accepting reality bc it is too painful

Ex. You are arrested for drunk driving several times but don’t believe you have a problem with alcohol

121
Q

Undoing is most commonly seen in __________.

A

Children

122
Q

Fantasy

A

~imaginary lives are created

Daydreaming

123
Q

Compensation

A

~Covering up for weakness by overemphasizing or making up a desirable trait
~ to make up for perceived deficiencies and cover up shortcomings related to these deficiencies to protect the conscious mind from recognizing them

Ex. Overcompensating for shortcomings
A shorter than avg man becomes assertively verbal and excels in business

124
Q

A patient in repression has _________ or _________ exclusion of unpleasant or unwanted experiences, emotions, or ideas from conscious awareness

A

Temporary or long-term

125
Q

Patients using maladaptive coping have unsuccessful attempts to _________ the anxiety without attempting to solve the problem.

A

Decrease

126
Q

Anticipation

A

~ thinking ahead to events that might occur in the future and considering realistic responses or solutions

~ deals with emotional conflict by experiencing emotional reactions in advance of possible future event and considering realistic, alternative responses

Ex. Knowing ur car payment and house payment are due on the same date and you put money in savings account to assure ability to pay on time.

127
Q

Displacement

A

~ Discharging pent-up feelings to a less threatening object

~ transference of emotions associated with a particular person, object, or situation to another nonthreatening person, object, or situation

Ex. Putting off on someone else, spousal/child abuse
When you get mad at your sister, you break you drinking glass by throwing it against the wall.

128
Q

Affiliation

A

~ seeking out others for emotional support or physical help

~ sharing problems with others but does not imply trying to make someone else responsible for them

Ex. An alcoholic who wants to take a drink and chooses to attend and extra AA meeting

129
Q

Undoing

A

When a person makes up for an act or communication

Ex. You have feelings of dislike for someone so you buy them a gift
~ trying to undo the feelings that we have

130
Q

Other types of unhealthy defense mechanisms

A
~Compensation 
~intellectualizations
~introjection
~conversion
~ regression
~fantasy
131
Q

Adaptive coping

A

Solves the problem that is causing the anxiety so the anxiety is decreased

132
Q

Reaction formation

A

Unacceptable feelings or behaviors are controlled and kept out of awareness by developing the opposite behavior or emotion

Ex. When you say you aren’t angry when you really are.

133
Q

Conversion

A

~the unconscious expression of intra-psychic conflict symbolically through physical symptoms

~ unconscious transformation of anxiety into the physical symptom with no organic cause

Ex. A man becomes blind after seeing his wife flirt with other men.
He saw his flirt and caused anxiety

134
Q

A patient in repression is ________ and _________ forgetting of painful ideas, events, and conflicts.

A

Unconscious and involuntary

135
Q

Chronic anxiety

A

Any type of disease

136
Q

A patient is who uses adaptive coping is ___________, ___________, and ____________.

A

Objective
Rational
Productive

Ex. Guy loses his job, goes out to find another job or goes back to school.

137
Q

Palliative coping

A

–Temporarily decreases the anxiety but does not solve the problem

– anxiety usually returns

–temporary relief allows pt to return to problem solving

Ex. Pushes out of mind and thinks ab other things
– losing job and goes out fishing, but once done, he has to figure out what he is going to do

138
Q

Somatization

A

Conflicts are represented by physical symptoms involving parts of the body inner aged by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Ex. A professor develops laryngitis on the day he is scheduled to defend a research proposal to a group of peers

139
Q

An example of a patient in repression

A

You can’t remember your fathers funeral or childbirth

140
Q

Dissociation

A

~ the unconscious separation of painful feelings and emotions from an unacceptable idea, situation, or object

~ disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment

~ separating ourselves from what really happened

Ex. A victim of abuse recalls that at a time of abuse they felt as if they were outside their body watching the event without feeling.

141
Q

Humor

A

~ noticing the amusing or ironic aspects of something rather than The unpleasant aspects.

~ focusing on funny aspects of a painful situation

Ex. A persons treatment for cancer makes him lose his hair so he makes jokes about being bald

142
Q

Types of unhealthy intermediate defense mechanisms

A
~Repression
~Displacement
~Reaction formation
~Somatization
~Undoing
~Rationalization
143
Q

What is defense mechanisms?

A

Unconscious intrapsychic process used to ward off anxiety by preventing conscious awareness of threatening feelings

144
Q

Types of unhealthy immature defense mechanisms

A
~Passive aggression
~Acting out
~Dissociation 
~Devaluation
~Idealization
~Splitting
~Projection
~Denial
145
Q

Sublimation

A

~ channeling instinctual drives into acceptable activities
~ unconscious process of substituting mature, constructive, and socially acceptable activity for immature, destructive, and unacceptable impulses

Ex. A person with anger issues initiates an intensive exercise program

146
Q

Devaluation

A

~trying to make someone look less than everyone else

~ when emotional conflicts or stressor are dealt with by attributing negative qualities to self or others

Ex. A woman who is jealous of a coworker says “oh yes, she won the award. Those awards don’t mean anything anyway, and I wonder what she had to do to be chosen!”

147
Q

Splitting

A

~ inability to integrate the positive or negative qualities of oneself or others

Ex. The pt viewed the therapist as the most wonderful, loving, and insightful therapist she ever had. When the therapist refused to write her a prescription for Valium, the pt shouted at her that she was “stupid and thick headed” and demanded another therapist “right away”

148
Q

Acute anxiety

A

Panic attack

149
Q

Idealization

A

~Emotional conflicts or stressors dealt by attributing exaggerated positive qualities to others

~ overestimates the desirable qualities and underestimates the limitations of the desired object.

Good: idolizing parents

ex. A woman met the most “wonderful and perfect man”. No one could tell her that he had quirks likes everyone else. When the man failed to live up to her expectation, she was devastated and gave up on all men.

150
Q

A patient using reaction formation has a _________ behavior that is the exact opposite of an _________ feeling.

A

Conscious

Unconscious

151
Q

Acting out

A

~dealing with anxiety or stress with actions rather than reflection of feelings

~ deals with emotional conflict by actions rather than reflections or feelings

Ex. Child’s temper tantrum when she doesn’t get her way with a parent

152
Q

Projection

A

~Blaming someone for ones difficulties or placing ones unethical desires on someone else.

~ attributing you own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone or something else.

Ex. A man who is unconsciously attracted to other women teases his wife about flirting.
He is blaming her for his feelings.

153
Q

Introjection

A

~ Unconsciously incorporating wishes, values, and attitudes of others as if they were your own
~ process by which the outside world is incorporated or absorbed into a persons view of self

Ex. When a person becomes depressed due to the loss of a loved one, his feelings are directed to the mental image of the loved one

154
Q

Suppression

A

~voluntary seclusion from awareness, anxiety producing feelings, ideas, and situations

~ may lead to subsequent repression

Ex. A business man who is preparing to make an important speech is told by his wife that day that she wants a divorce. Although visibly upset, he puts the incident aside until after his speech when he can give the matter his total concentration.

155
Q

What does this mean?

A

–Manners in which we behave or think in a certain way to better protect or defend ourselves

–protect people from painful awareness of feelings and memories that can provoke overwhelming anxiety (distancing ourselves from anxiety)