exam 7 pre-op Russell Flashcards
A purpose of surgery for when they go in and look around
Diagnostic
A purpose of surgery for when something is removed or cut out
Ablative
A purpose of surgery for when that reduce the symptoms but the pain is still their. This would be In a chronic or permanent situation
Palliative
A purpose for surgery when something is broken and and it needs to be fixed
Reconstructive
A purpose for surgery if its something you don’t like and would like to change.
Cosmetic
What are the seven ways procedures are categorized?
Reason/purpose Urgency Degree of risk Anatomical position Extent of surgery required Inpatient Outpatient
A type of urgency that you want to do
Elective
A surgery that needs to be done but doesn’t have to be done right now is classified as what type of urgency?
Urgent
A surgery that has to be done right now because the patients life depends on it is classified as what type of urgency?
Emergent
When a patient has surgery and is admitted to the hospital. It is known as what type of surgery
Inpatient surgery
When a patient is ambulatory and is not admitted into the hospital on the day of surgery it is known as
Outpatient surgery
The steps of the pre-op phase are
Admission Interview/assessment Diagnostic procedures Pre-op education Consent Physical preparation Transport to surgery
During what stage of the pre-op phase does the nurse conduct the physical assessment, ask about past surgeries, and about medications
Interview/physical assessment
Lab test, ECG, radiology and any other tests the doctors need before surgery are known as
Diagnostic procedures
What is an important factor in teaching the client?
Make sure all teaching is done prior to surgery when they can still understand everything you are saying.
Who has to talk to the patient about the surgery and inform them about what is going to happen?
The surgeon or somebody from his team
If the nurse goes to get the consent signed and the patient has questions about his surgery. Can you get the consent signed?Can the nurse talk to him about the procedure? Why or why not?
No the consent cannot be signed unless the patient is free of questions.The nurse cannot answer questions about the procedure. If the patient doesn’t understand whoever is doing the surgery needs to come back and explain the procedure to the patient. Nurses are only allowed to get the consent form signed if the patients doesn’t have any questions.
To prepare somebody for surgery what would you do?
Make sure they’ve had a bath
Shave them
Make sure they have gone to the bathroom or clean them up if the diaper is dirty
During transportation to surgery how many side rails should be up?
All four should be up during transportation to ensure the safety of the patient.
When gathering medication history what information should be included?
All allergies. All natural/herbal medicines. And OTC and prescribed meds. Drug reactions should also be included
Transportation to surgery is usually done on what?
A stretcher
What all is assessed I’m the pre-op assessment
Nursing history Medical history Risk factors Previous surgeries Perceptions/understanding of surgery Medication history Allergies Smoking habits Alcohol and substance and drug abuse Family support Occupation Pre-op pain assessment
Why is it important to know the patients smoking habits?
Smoking could cause the cilia not to work.
People who smoke are urged to quit smoking how many weeks before surgery and why?
4-8 weeks. This is done to reduce pulmonary and wound healing complications
Why is important to know I’d someone is an alcoholic or on drugs?
This is good to know after surgery just in case they go into DTs. If they are on drugs a higher dose of medication will have to be administered because the lower dose won’t affect their pain. The doctor will also try to prescribe a non addicting drug.
Why is the Pre-op pain assessment done?
To give the nurses and doctors a baseline. This helps determine of the surgery helped the pain any?
Why would a nurse assess the clients expectations?
To make sure the clients expectations are attainable.
A complete blood count measures…
The WBC, platelet, and the RBC to see the oxygen in the blood
Sodium, potassium,chloride, and bicarbonate levels are checked during what diagnostic screening test?
Seum electrolytes
This electrolytes directly affects the CNS
Sodium
This electrolyte affects cardiac issues
Potassium
PT,PTT,INR,PLT test are coagulation test. Why are these done?
These are done to check the blood for clotting factors.
The right side of the heart goes to what organ first
Lung
The left side of the heart goes to what organ first
The renal system (kidney)
The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) checks for what organ function?
Kidney
This test is done to everyone who has surgery In order to have blood available If needed.
Blood type and cross match
If you have an elective surgery can you donate your own blood beforehand just incase blood is needed while in your surgery?
Yes.
Some people choose not to get blood because of religious reasons. What needs to be explained to them?
That their are risks to their decision and it could lead to death. Teach about alternate opportunities.
If a person is having surgery and has a history of cardiovascular disease what tests would be performed prior to surgery?
BUN, CR, CBC, chest x-ray, ECG
A CXR is done to check for fluid in the cavities. ECG look for ischemia or dysthymia in heart.
If a person is having surgery and has a history of pulmonary disease what tests would be performed prior to surgery?
CBC, CXR,ECG
If a person is having surgery and has a history of CNS disease what tests would be performed prior to surgery?
WBC,lyres,BUN,CR,glucose, ECG
Fluid balance and acid base balance effect kidney function
Surgery information, who will be doing it, if there will be an intern In there with him,possible complications, outcomes that the dr. Expects, alternatives to surgery, and what the consequences are of not having the surgery all have to be discussed before what
Before the informed consent is signed
Who’s legal duty is it to obtain an informed consent
MD/health care provider
Failure to obtain a consent unless in emergencys could result in what
A charge of battery
Is known as a persons agreement to allow something to happen
Informed consent
Patients have the right to refuse surgery if this happens what do you do next
Inform the patient that we will still take care of them and treat them
When is the last time a person can change their mind about surgery and decide to refuse
They are allowed to refuse anytime before being out to sleep.
Why is a spirometer used?
To help with lung expansion
When is the post op bed unit prepared
When the patient leaves for surgery
