ACID BASE Flashcards
CAUSES OF RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
HYPOVENTILATION CHF
SEDATIVES COPD
NARCOTICS PNEUMONIA
DRUG OVERDOSE ASPIRATION
CVA ARDS
CARDIAC ARREST ABDOMINAL DISTENTION
MI SPINAL CORD INJURY
GUILLIAN BARRE PARALYTICS
FLAIL CHEST PNEUMOTHORAX
RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS:
PH < 7.35 (NORMAL 7.35 - 7.45)
CO2 >45 (NORMAL 35-45)
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
A. CNS DEPRESSION (DECREASED LOC)
B. MUSCLE TWITCHING WHICH CAN PROGRESS TO CONVULSIONS
C. DYSRHYTHMIAS, TACHYCARDIA, DIAPHORESIS (RELATED TO HYPOXIA SECONDARY TO HYPOVENTILATION)
D. PALPITATIONS
E. FLUSHED SKIN
F. ELEVATED POTASSIUM
RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
PH > 7.45 CO2 <35
CAUSES OF RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
HYPERVENTILATION ANXIETY FEAR PAIN FEVER BRAIN INJURY PULMONARY EMBOLISM EARLY SALICYLATE POISONING BRAIN TUMOR
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
HEADACHE VERTIGO PARESTHESIAS ( NUMB FINGERS, TOES, CIRCUMORAL, CARPAL PEDAL SPASMS AND TETANY TINNITUS (RINGING IN THE EARS) DECREASED CALCIUM DECREASED POTASSIUM
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
PH <7.35 HCO3 <22
CAUSES OF METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
A. STARVATION, KETOACIDOSIS, INCREASED CATABOLISM
B. RENAL FAILURE
C. DIARRHEA, BILIARY FISTULA, DIAMOX
D. INGESTION OF ACID (SALICYLATE OVERDOSE, ORAL ANTIFREEZE)
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
A. CNS DEPRESSION (CONFUSION TO COMA) B. CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS (ELEVATED T WAVES, WIDE QRS) C. ELEVATED K+,CL-,CA2+ D. FLUSHED SKIN E. NAUSEA
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
PH >7.45 HCO3 >26
CAUSES OF METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
LOSS PF POTASSIUM - DIARRHEA - VOMITING
LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANTACIDS, RESUSCITATION
PROLONGED USE OF DIURETICS
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
A. DIOPHORESIS
B. NAUSEA VOMITING
C. INCREASED NEUROMUSCULAR EXCITABILITY
D. SHALLOW BREATHING(RESPIRATORY COMPENSATION)
E. EKG CHANGES - INCREASED QT, SINUS TACHYCARDIA
F. CONFUSION TO LETHARGY TO COMA
G. DECREASED CA2+
ACIDOSIS
PH < 7.35
ALKALOSIS
PH > 7.45
COMPENSATED
PH IS 7.35 - 7.45
UNCOMPENSATED
PH IS <7.35 OR > 7.45
RESPIRATORY
CO2 IS <35 OR >45
METABOLIC
HCO3 IS <22 OR >26
DETERMINES ACIDITY OR ALKALINITY
HYDROGEN IONS
NORMAL PH
7.35 - 7.45
NORMAL HCO3
22-26
NORMAL PCO2
35-45
MAJOR RENAL COMPONENT OF ACID BASE BALANCE
BICARBONATE
KICKS IN TO ASSIST LUNGS WHEN NEEDED
KIDNEYS
KICKS IN TO ASSIST KIDNEYS WHEN NEEDED
LUNGS
RENAL FAILURE, ASPIRIN POISONING, STARVATION
CAUSES OF METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
TACHYPNEA, KUSSMAL BREATHING, HEADACHE, HYPERKALEMIA
S/S OF METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
PROLONGED GASTRIC SUCTION, EXCESSIVE VOMITING
CAUSES OF METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
PNEUMONIA, COPD, DRUGS THAT DEPRESS RESPIRATIONS
CAUSES OF RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
MUSCLE CRAMPS, DIZZINESS, HYPOKALEMIA, TINGLING OF EXTREMITIES
S/S OF METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
DYSPNEA, TACHYCARDIA, DISORIENTED
S/S RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
CAREFUL WITH THE O2 WITH THESE PATIENTS
COPD
HYPERVENTILATION, ANXIETY, PAIN AND FEVER
CAUSES OF RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
REBREATHING EXPIRED AIR (BREATHING IN BROWN PAPER BAG)
TREATMENT FOR HYPERVENTILATION
RAPID, SHALLOW BREATHING, PALPITATIONS, HEADACHE, TREMORS, DIFFICULTY FOCUSING
S/S OF RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
