ACID BASE

Question 0

CAUSES OF RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

Answer 0

HYPOVENTILATION CHF
SEDATIVES COPD
NARCOTICS PNEUMONIA
DRUG OVERDOSE ASPIRATION
CVA ARDS
CARDIAC ARREST ABDOMINAL DISTENTION
MI SPINAL CORD INJURY
GUILLIAN BARRE PARALYTICS
FLAIL CHEST PNEUMOTHORAX

Question 1

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS:

Answer 1

PH < 7.35 (NORMAL 7.35 - 7.45)

CO2 >45 (NORMAL 35-45)

Question 2

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

Answer 2

A. CNS DEPRESSION (DECREASED LOC)
B. MUSCLE TWITCHING WHICH CAN PROGRESS TO CONVULSIONS
C. DYSRHYTHMIAS, TACHYCARDIA, DIAPHORESIS (RELATED TO HYPOXIA SECONDARY TO HYPOVENTILATION)
D. PALPITATIONS
E. FLUSHED SKIN
F. ELEVATED POTASSIUM

Question 3

RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS

Answer 3

PH > 7.45 CO2 <35

Question 4

CAUSES OF RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS

Answer 4

HYPERVENTILATION
ANXIETY 
FEAR
PAIN
FEVER
BRAIN INJURY
PULMONARY EMBOLISM
EARLY SALICYLATE POISONING
BRAIN TUMOR

Question 5

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS

Answer 5

HEADACHE
VERTIGO
PARESTHESIAS ( NUMB FINGERS, TOES, CIRCUMORAL, CARPAL PEDAL SPASMS AND TETANY
TINNITUS (RINGING IN THE EARS)
DECREASED CALCIUM 
DECREASED POTASSIUM

Question 6

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

Answer 6

PH <7.35 HCO3 <22

Question 7

CAUSES OF METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

Answer 7

A. STARVATION, KETOACIDOSIS, INCREASED CATABOLISM
B. RENAL FAILURE
C. DIARRHEA, BILIARY FISTULA, DIAMOX
D. INGESTION OF ACID (SALICYLATE OVERDOSE, ORAL ANTIFREEZE)

Question 8

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

Answer 8

A. CNS DEPRESSION (CONFUSION TO COMA)
B. CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS (ELEVATED T WAVES, WIDE QRS)
C. ELEVATED K+,CL-,CA2+
D. FLUSHED SKIN
E. NAUSEA

Question 9

METABOLIC ALKALOSIS

Answer 9

PH >7.45 HCO3 >26

Question 10

CAUSES OF METABOLIC ALKALOSIS

Answer 10

LOSS PF POTASSIUM - DIARRHEA - VOMITING
LARGE AMOUNTS OF ANTACIDS, RESUSCITATION
PROLONGED USE OF DIURETICS

Question 11

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF METABOLIC ALKALOSIS

Answer 11

A. DIOPHORESIS
B. NAUSEA VOMITING
C. INCREASED NEUROMUSCULAR EXCITABILITY
D. SHALLOW BREATHING(RESPIRATORY COMPENSATION)
E. EKG CHANGES - INCREASED QT, SINUS TACHYCARDIA
F. CONFUSION TO LETHARGY TO COMA
G. DECREASED CA2+

Question 12

ACIDOSIS

Answer 12

PH < 7.35

Question 13

ALKALOSIS

Answer 13

PH > 7.45

Question 14

COMPENSATED

Answer 14

PH IS 7.35 - 7.45

Question 15

UNCOMPENSATED

Answer 15

PH IS <7.35 OR > 7.45

Question 16

RESPIRATORY

Answer 16

CO2 IS <35 OR >45

Question 17

METABOLIC

Answer 17

HCO3 IS <22 OR >26

Question 18

DETERMINES ACIDITY OR ALKALINITY

Answer 18

HYDROGEN IONS

Question 19

NORMAL PH

Answer 19

7.35 - 7.45

Question 20

NORMAL HCO3

Answer 20

22-26

Question 21

NORMAL PCO2

Answer 21

35-45

Question 22

MAJOR RENAL COMPONENT OF ACID BASE BALANCE

Answer 22

BICARBONATE

Question 23

KICKS IN TO ASSIST LUNGS WHEN NEEDED

Answer 23

KIDNEYS

Question 24

KICKS IN TO ASSIST KIDNEYS WHEN NEEDED

Answer 24

LUNGS

Question 25

RENAL FAILURE, ASPIRIN POISONING, STARVATION

Answer 25

CAUSES OF METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

Question 26

TACHYPNEA, KUSSMAL BREATHING, HEADACHE, HYPERKALEMIA

Answer 26

S/S OF METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

Question 27

PROLONGED GASTRIC SUCTION, EXCESSIVE VOMITING

Answer 27

CAUSES OF METABOLIC ALKALOSIS

Question 28

PNEUMONIA, COPD, DRUGS THAT DEPRESS RESPIRATIONS

Answer 28

CAUSES OF RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

Question 29

MUSCLE CRAMPS, DIZZINESS, HYPOKALEMIA, TINGLING OF EXTREMITIES

Answer 29

S/S OF METABOLIC ALKALOSIS

Question 30

DYSPNEA, TACHYCARDIA, DISORIENTED

Answer 30

S/S RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS

Question 31

CAREFUL WITH THE O2 WITH THESE PATIENTS

Answer 31

COPD

Question 32

HYPERVENTILATION, ANXIETY, PAIN AND FEVER

Answer 32

CAUSES OF RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS

Question 33

REBREATHING EXPIRED AIR (BREATHING IN BROWN PAPER BAG)

Answer 33

TREATMENT FOR HYPERVENTILATION

Question 34

RAPID, SHALLOW BREATHING, PALPITATIONS, HEADACHE, TREMORS, DIFFICULTY FOCUSING

Answer 34

S/S OF RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS