Exam 6 - Need for Mobility

Question 0

Inability to move about freely

Answer 0

Immobility

Question 1

The ability to move about freely

Answer 1

Mobility

Question 2

What is mobility?

Answer 2

Interaction of bones, muscles, and nervous system

Question 3

Four components of body mechanics

Answer 3

Body alignment
Balance
Coordination
Joint mobility

Question 4

What three physiological systems must successfully interact for movement to occur?

Answer 4

Skeletal system
Muscular system
Nervous system

Question 5

What is the leading cause of disability in the United States?

Answer 5

Arthritis

Question 6

What account for more than 420,000 hospitalizations yearly among the elderly?

Answer 6

Falls

Question 7

What is the most common musculoskeletal condition that necessitates hospitalizations in patients who are at least 65 years of age?

Answer 7

Hip fracture

Question 8

How many bones are in the body?

Answer 8

206

Question 9

How much of your bodies calcium is present in bones?

Answer 9

98%

Question 10

How much calcium is recommended for daily intake for appropriate bone mass?

Answer 10

1500 mg

Question 11

What stimulates bone formation and remodeling?

Answer 11

Weight-bearing

Question 12

Where does body movement occur?

Answer 12

Joints

Question 13

What is the breakdown or weakness of muscles due to nonuse?

Answer 13

Atrophy

Question 14

How quickly does muscle strength decrease when confined in bed?

Answer 14

7 to 10% of muscle strength is lost per week

Question 15

How much of your bodyweight the skeletal muscle comprise?

Answer 15

40 to 50%

Question 16

What controls the movement of the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 16

The nervous system

Question 17

What are regulated by the nervous system? Two things

Answer 17

Movement

Posture

Question 18

What controls involuntary muscles such as heart and glands?

Answer 18

Autonomic nervous system

Question 19

What system controls voluntary skeletal muscles?

Answer 19

Somatic nervous system

Question 20

What type of immobility is expected to end, caused by broken bones, bedrest, surgery recovery?

Answer 20

Temporary

Question 21

What type of immobility is not temporary caused by stroke, paralysis, loss of limbs?

Answer 21

Permanent

Question 22

What type of immobility is due to a disease process that will eventually become permanent for example rheumatoid arthritis, muscular dystrophy, Parkinson’s disease

Answer 22

Progressive

Question 23

What is loss of blood supply?

Answer 23

Ischemia

Question 24

What is tissue death?

Answer 24

Necrosis

Question 25

What is a result of pressure on bony prominences?

Answer 25

Pressure ulcer

Question 26

What is the collapse of alveoli?

Answer 26

Atelectasis

Question 27

What is inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions?

Answer 27

Hypostatic pneumonia

Question 28

TCDB

Answer 28

Turn cough and deep breathe

Question 29

Loss of balance

Answer 29

Ataxic

Question 30

Upper body moves faster than lower body

Answer 30

Propulsive

Question 31

Muscle spasms while walking

Answer 31

Spastic

Question 32

Footdrop

Answer 32

Steppage

Question 33

Exaggerated hip movement

Answer 33

Waddling

Question 34

Tighten and release muscle for strengthening. Muscle contraction without motion.

Answer 34

Isometric

Question 35

Active exercise, joint movement

Answer 35

Isotonic

Question 36

Exercise against resistance

Answer 36

Resistive

Question 37

Exercise, machines control speed of contraction

Answer 37

Isokinetic

Question 38

Amount of oxygen taken into body exceeds and Oxygen required to perform activity

Answer 38

Aerobic exercise

Question 39

Amount of oxygen does not meet the amount of oxygen required to perform activity

Answer 39

Anaerobic exercise

Question 40

Effects of immobility on metabolism system

Answer 40

Decreased metabolic rate, altered metabolism of carbs, fats, and protein. Leads to fluid electrolyte and Ca imbalances. Decline in calories / protein Negative nitrogen balance ca reabsorption Constipation fecal impaction

Question 41

Nursing intervention

Answer 41

Monitor Ht/wt and skin fold thickness I and O Bowel sounds Increase dietary fiber high calories/protein. Monitor amount eaten Fluid replacement Therapy for exercise Monitor lab values electrolytes, serum protein levels, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Question 42

Integumentary System problems

Answer 42

Pressure ulcers as a result on bony prominences

Question 43

Nursing interventions

Answer 43

Turn every 2 hours Assess skin integrity every 2 hours Assess nutritional intake

Question 44

Musculoskeletal problems

Answer 44

Overall decline in endurance, strength, muscle mass, stability and balance Muscle atrophy Disuse osteoporosis -due to bone reabsorption can lead to pathological fractures Osteoporosis Joint contracture foot drop

Question 45

Nursing interventions

Answer 45

Monitor dietary intake Progressive exercise program ROM Foot support while in bed

Question 46

Respiratory system problems

Answer 46

Atelecatasis-collapse of alveoli | Hypostatic pneumonia-inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions

Question 47

Nursing interventions

Answer 47

``` Change position every 2 hours Respiratory exercise High fowlers positioning Assessment Encourage cough/deep breathe exercise ```

Question 48

Cardiovascular system problems

Answer 48

Orthostatic hypotension Increased cardiac workload Thrombus formation

Question 49

Nursing interventions

Answer 49

``` BP monitoring AP/Peripheral pulses Assess edema Homan's sign Assess extremities color, temp, calf circumference Use of TED hose or SCD's No massaging of calf muscle ```

Question 50

Gastrointestinal system problems

Answer 50

Slows peristalsis Constipation, gas, difficulty having bowel movement Paralytic ileum (cessation of peristalsis) Body muscle is broken down as a fuel source, causing muscle wasting

Question 51

Nursing interventions

Answer 51

``` Assess bowel sounds Monitor bowel habits closely Increase fluid intake Encourage movement Encourage healthy diet (vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbs) Provide privacy ```

Question 52

Genitourinary system problems

Answer 52

Inhibits drainage of urine Urine becomes stagnant Ideal environment for infection / kidney stone formation Urine calcium levels rise with immobility Decreased muscle tone leads to a decrease in bladder control

Question 53

Nursing interventions

Answer 53

I and O Assess bladder distention Maintain adequate fluid intake May have to decrease calcium intake

Question 54

Psychological effects problems

Answer 54

``` Prolonged immobility leads to isolation, mood changes Depression Anxiety Hostility Sleep disturbances Disorientation Apathy ```

Question 55

Nursing interventions

Answer 55

Encourage to verbalized feelings Encourage interactions among family/friends Intensive treatment to deal with current reality of condition/prognosis.

Question 56

Lab test

Answer 56

Serum Ca, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, serum muscle enzymes