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From Flashcardlet first semester > Exam 6 - Need for Mobility > Flashcards

Exam 6 - Need for Mobility Flashcards

0
Q

Inability to move about freely

A

Immobility

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1
Q

The ability to move about freely

A

Mobility

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2
Q

What is mobility?

A

Interaction of bones, muscles, and nervous system

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3
Q

Four components of body mechanics

A

Body alignment
Balance
Coordination
Joint mobility

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4
Q

What three physiological systems must successfully interact for movement to occur?

A

Skeletal system
Muscular system
Nervous system

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5
Q

What is the leading cause of disability in the United States?

A

Arthritis

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6
Q

What account for more than 420,000 hospitalizations yearly among the elderly?

A

Falls

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7
Q

What is the most common musculoskeletal condition that necessitates hospitalizations in patients who are at least 65 years of age?

A

Hip fracture

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8
Q

How many bones are in the body?

A

206

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9
Q

How much of your bodies calcium is present in bones?

A

98%

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10
Q

How much calcium is recommended for daily intake for appropriate bone mass?

A

1500 mg

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11
Q

What stimulates bone formation and remodeling?

A

Weight-bearing

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12
Q

Where does body movement occur?

A

Joints

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13
Q

What is the breakdown or weakness of muscles due to nonuse?

A

Atrophy

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14
Q

How quickly does muscle strength decrease when confined in bed?

A

7 to 10% of muscle strength is lost per week

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15
Q

How much of your bodyweight the skeletal muscle comprise?

A

40 to 50%

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16
Q

What controls the movement of the musculoskeletal system?

A

The nervous system

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17
Q

What are regulated by the nervous system? Two things

A

Movement

Posture

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18
Q

What controls involuntary muscles such as heart and glands?

A

Autonomic nervous system

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19
Q

What system controls voluntary skeletal muscles?

A

Somatic nervous system

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20
Q

What type of immobility is expected to end, caused by broken bones, bedrest, surgery recovery?

A

Temporary

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21
Q

What type of immobility is not temporary caused by stroke, paralysis, loss of limbs?

A

Permanent

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22
Q

What type of immobility is due to a disease process that will eventually become permanent for example rheumatoid arthritis, muscular dystrophy, Parkinson’s disease

A

Progressive

23
Q

What is loss of blood supply?

A

Ischemia

24
Q

What is tissue death?

A

Necrosis

25
Q

What is a result of pressure on bony prominences?

A

Pressure ulcer

26
Q

What is the collapse of alveoli?

A

Atelectasis

27
Q

What is inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions?

A

Hypostatic pneumonia

28
Q

TCDB

A

Turn cough and deep breathe

29
Q

Loss of balance

A

Ataxic

30
Q

Upper body moves faster than lower body

A

Propulsive

31
Q

Muscle spasms while walking

A

Spastic

32
Q

Footdrop

A

Steppage

33
Q

Exaggerated hip movement

A

Waddling

34
Q

Tighten and release muscle for strengthening. Muscle contraction without motion.

A

Isometric

35
Q

Active exercise, joint movement

A

Isotonic

36
Q

Exercise against resistance

A

Resistive

37
Q

Exercise, machines control speed of contraction

A

Isokinetic

38
Q

Amount of oxygen taken into body exceeds and Oxygen required to perform activity

A

Aerobic exercise

39
Q

Amount of oxygen does not meet the amount of oxygen required to perform activity

A

Anaerobic exercise

40
Q

Effects of immobility on metabolism system

A

Decreased metabolic rate, altered metabolism of carbs, fats, and protein.
Leads to fluid electrolyte and Ca imbalances.
Decline in calories / protein
Negative nitrogen balance
ca reabsorption
Constipation fecal impaction

41
Q

Nursing intervention

A

Monitor Ht/wt and skin fold thickness
I and O
Bowel sounds
Increase dietary fiber high calories/protein. Monitor amount eaten
Fluid replacement
Therapy for exercise
Monitor lab values electrolytes, serum protein levels, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

42
Q

Integumentary System problems

A

Pressure ulcers as a result on bony prominences

43
Q

Nursing interventions

A

Turn every 2 hours
Assess skin integrity every 2 hours
Assess nutritional intake

44
Q

Musculoskeletal problems

A

Overall decline in endurance, strength, muscle mass, stability and balance
Muscle atrophy
Disuse osteoporosis -due to bone reabsorption can lead to pathological fractures
Osteoporosis
Joint contracture foot drop

45
Q

Nursing interventions

A

Monitor dietary intake
Progressive exercise program
ROM
Foot support while in bed

46
Q

Respiratory system problems

A

Atelecatasis-collapse of alveoli

Hypostatic pneumonia-inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions

47
Q

Nursing interventions

A 
Change position every 2 hours
Respiratory exercise
High fowlers positioning
Assessment
Encourage cough/deep breathe exercise
48
Q

Cardiovascular system problems

A

Orthostatic hypotension
Increased cardiac workload
Thrombus formation

49
Q

Nursing interventions

A 
BP monitoring
AP/Peripheral pulses
Assess edema
Homan's sign
Assess extremities color, temp,  calf circumference
Use of TED hose or SCD's
No massaging of calf muscle
50
Q

Gastrointestinal system problems

A

Slows peristalsis
Constipation, gas, difficulty having bowel movement
Paralytic ileum (cessation of peristalsis)
Body muscle is broken down as a fuel source, causing muscle wasting

51
Q

Nursing interventions

A 
Assess bowel sounds
Monitor bowel habits closely
Increase fluid intake
Encourage movement
Encourage healthy diet (vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbs)
Provide privacy
52
Q

Genitourinary system problems

A

Inhibits drainage of urine
Urine becomes stagnant
Ideal environment for infection / kidney stone formation
Urine calcium levels rise with immobility
Decreased muscle tone leads to a decrease in bladder control

53
Q

Nursing interventions

A

I and O
Assess bladder distention
Maintain adequate fluid intake
May have to decrease calcium intake

54
Q

Psychological effects problems

A 
Prolonged immobility leads to isolation, mood changes
Depression
Anxiety
Hostility 
Sleep disturbances
Disorientation
Apathy
55
Q

Nursing interventions

A

Encourage to verbalized feelings
Encourage interactions among family/friends
Intensive treatment to deal with current reality of condition/prognosis.

56
Q

Lab test

A

Serum Ca, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, serum muscle enzymes

From Flashcardlet first semester (43 decks)

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