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From Flashcardlet first semester > Exam 7 Promoting Asepsis Preventing Infection > Flashcards

Exam 7 Promoting Asepsis Preventing Infection Flashcards

0
Q

SECONDARY–LINE OF DEFENSE

A
  • Phagocytosis
    • WBC engulf and destroy
      • Neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils
  • Complement cascade
    • Complement (Blood protein) trigger release of chemicals that rupture pathogen cell membrane
    • Signal Basophils to release histamine (inflam)
  • Inflammation
    • Begins with histamine
    • Causes dilation and increased permeability of vessels increasing WBC attach
  • Fever (</= 102 F)
    • To hot for pathogens, triggers immune response
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1
Q

HOW DOES THE NURSE DO IT

A
  • Assessment
    • Nursing History
    • Physical Assessment
  • Nursing diagnosis
    • Risk of infection r/t altered immune response secondary to…..Corticosteroid therapy
    • Risk of infection r/t impaired skin integrity and/or poor nutritional status
  • Goals
    • Client will remain free of infection AEB…
  • Interventions (Break the chain of infection)
    • Aseptic technique used with all exposures
    • Maintain skin integrity and natural defenses
    • Reduce stress
    • Promote immune function
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2
Q

BODIES DEFENSES AGAINST INFECTION

A
  • Inflammatory Response (Acute Infection)
    • Inflammatory response is the first response to a bacteria
    • Redness, heat, swelling, pain and loss of function
      • Vaso constriction then dilation
      • Histamine release to increase vascular permeability allowing protein fluid to are (serious fluid/sanguinous/purulent)
      • WBC
        • Nertrophils primary phagocytes flood area
  • Immune Response
    • (Bodies response foreign/sometimes own protein)
      • Humoral Immunity
        • Foreign protein=antigen
        • Body produces=antibody
      • Cellular Immunity
        • Increased WBC to destroy recognized foreign protein
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3
Q

STAGES OF INFECTION

-KNOW THIS CARD!!!!!!

A
  • Incubation
    • Exposure, may be infectious but no symptoms
      • 1 day (flu) several months even years
  • Prodromal
    • First appearance of symptoms (cold=sore throat)
    • Several hours to several days
  • Illness
    • Appearance of disease, this stage can lead to death if treatment is unsuccessful
    • Infection determines length of illness
  • Convalescence
    • S/S begin to subside. Pathogen #’s decline
    • Tissue repair and return to health
    • Infection determines length of convalescence
    • May have temp, permanent change in health
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4
Q

INFECTIONS CLASSIFIED

A
  • LOCAL: Throat, Finger, A general area. -SYSTEMIC: Everywhere
  • PRIMARY: I am the cause of the problem. -SECONDARY: Something else caused it, yeast from infection.
  • EXOGENOUS NOSOCOMIAL: Hospital-nurse didn’t wash hands. -ENDOGENOUS NOSOCOMIAL:
    • Acquired from other people. - Inside the patient

-LATROGENIC: Result of treatment.

  • ACUTE: All of a sudden-Cold, Flu, Mumps
  • CHRONIC: Long term- Ongoing- Hepatitis, HIV.
  • LATENT: Its there and you don’t show s/s of disease, carrier of some kind.
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5
Q

PORTAL OF EXIT

A
  • Body Fluid (EXCEPT SWEAT)
  • Blood
  • Mucous (SNOT NOSE)
  • Saliva
  • Breast Milk
  • Urine, Feces
  • Vomit
  • Semen
  • Cuts
  • Bites
  • Abrasions
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6
Q

STAGE FOUR OF INFECTION

A

.

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7
Q

TERTIARY

A
  • Specific Immunity
    • Lymphocytes (produced in bone marrow from stem cells)
      • B cells (B-Bone marrow)
      • T cells (T-thymus)
    • Antigens
      • Substance on foreign molecule surface that triggers immune response
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8
Q

STAGES OF INFECTION

A
  1. Incubation
  2. Prodromal
  3. Illness
  4. Convalescence
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9
Q

INFECTION

A

When micro organisms capable of producing disease invade the body.

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10
Q

PRIMARY–LINE OF DEFENSE

A
  • Skin
    • Intact: PRIMARY MODE TO PREVENT INFECTION
  • Respiratory tree
    • Mucous
    • Hair in nose
    • Cilia: IN LUNGS-SMOKING KILLS THE CILIA IN THE LUNGS, PARALYZES CILIA
  • Eyes
    • Lysozyme in tears
      • antimicrobial
  • Mouth
    • Lysozyme in saliva
      • Kills the bacteria in the mouth
  • Gastrointestinal
    • Acidic
    • Bile (antimicrobial)
    • Vomiting/diarrhea
  • Genitourinary
    • Mucous
    • Acidic
    • Lysozyme
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11
Q

CDC TIER ONE

A
  • Standard Precautions (Universal)
    • Protects you from possible exposure
    • Protects other clients from exposure
    • Wash hands before and after everything
    • Wear glove if potential for blood/body fluids
    • Wear mask/eye protection if potential for splash
    • Wear gown if potential for soiling cloths
    • Never recap used needles
    • Clean all used equipment
    • Ect, ect, ect…..
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12
Q

PORTAL OF ENTRY

A
  • Normal Body Openings
  • ——-Conjuctiva
  • ——-Nares
  • ——-Mouth
  • ——-Urethra
  • ——-Vagina
  • ——-Anus
  • Abnormal Openings
  • ——-Cuts
  • ——-Scrapes
  • ——-Bites
  • ——-Wounds
  • ————SURGICAL WOUND
  • ————ACCIDENTAL WOUND
  • ————ANY OPEN WOUND
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13
Q

PATHOGENS

A

ORGANISMS CAPABLE OF CAUSING DISEASE

  • —BACTERIA, VIRUSES AND FUNGI (yeast and molds)
  • —PROTOZOA
  • ——-AMOEBAE, HELMINTHS (worms), PRIONS (INFECTIOUS PROTEIN THAT CAUSE NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE)
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14
Q

CAN SLOW OR KILL MICRO ORGANISMS

A

TO HOT / TO COLD

— FEVER, COOKING TEMPERATURE

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15
Q

CDC TIER TWO

A
  • Contact Precautions
    • Protection from “contact”
    • Gloves, gown
    • Private room
  • Droplet Precautions
    • Add mask/eye protect to contact precautions
  • Airborne Precautions
    • N95 respirator mask for TB
    • Only immune caregivers for measles/chickenpox
  • Protective Isolation
    • To protect client
    • Wear mask
    • Client wear mask when out of room
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16
Q

STAGE TWO OF INFECTION

A

PRODROMAL

    • First appearance of symptoms (cold= sore throat)
    • Several hours to several days
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17
Q

HANDLING/DISPOSING SUPPLIES

A
  • Disposable when possible
  • Sterilize/disinfect
  • Bag Color
    • Red most often
  • Bag Labeling
    • Biohazards
  • Double bagging
    • If bag is damaged or soiled on the outside
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18
Q

INFECTIOUS AGENT

A
  1. Normal flora ( found all over the body)
    Example “intestine”
    • aide in digestion
    • synthesize vit. K, release vit. B12, thiamine, riboflavin
    • limit growth of harmful bacteria
  2. Pathogens
    Organisms capable of causing disease
    -bacteria, viruses and fungi ( yeast and mold)
    • Protozoa
    • Amoebae, helminthes (worms), prions (infectious protein that cause neurological disease)
  3. Infection
    • successful invasionof the body by a pathogen
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19
Q

SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

A
  • Person with inadequate defenses
    • 3 factors leading to infection
      1. Virulence of organism (power to infect)
      2. Number transmitted
      3. Host defenses
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20
Q

NON LIVING RESERVIORS OF INFECTION

A
  • SOIL—RINGWORMS
  • WATER
  • FOOD
  • ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACES — FOMITE
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21
Q

INFECTION

A

SUCCESSFUL INVASION OF THE BODY BY A PATHOGEN

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22
Q

5 MAGIC QUESTIONS

A
  1. What is it?
  2. What does it look like?
  3. How is it diagnosed?
  4. How is it treated?
  5. What do i teach my patient?
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23
Q

STAGE THREE OF INFECTION

A

ILLNESS

  • -Appearance of disease this stage can lead to death if treatment is unsuccessful
    • Infection determines length of illness
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24
Q

FACTORS THAT INCREASE RISK

A
  • Developmental stage
    • Very young/old
      • Keep brand new baby at home for at least 2 weeks!!!!
  • Breaks in defense
    • Skin
  • Illness or injury
  • Smoking
  • Substance abuse
    • Alcoholic poor appetite
  • Multiple sexual partners
    • exposure
  • Environmental factors
    • Day care, health care, nursing homes
  • Chronic disease
  • Medications
    • Anti-inflammatory
    • Anti-biotic cause yeast infection
  • Medical procedures
    • Cath UTI
    • IV lines ect…
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25
Q

WHAT SHOULD BE DISINFECTED

A
  • Everything…..
  • Food utensils/cups/plates
  • VS equipment
  • Bed
  • Linen
  • IV equipment
  • Blood sugar monitor
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26
Q

RESERVIOR

A

LOCATION OF INFECTION

MUST SUPPORT MICROBIAL GROWTH

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27
Q

MODE OF TRANSMISSION

A
  • Direct Contact
  • ———–Touching
  • ———–Kissing
  • ———–Sex
  • Animal Direct Contact
  • ———–Scratching
  • ———–Biting
  • —————–Airborn
  • Indirect Contact (Fomite)-(SOLID SURFACES BLOOD PRESSURE CUFF)
  • ——Contaminated object that transfers a pathogen.
  • ——Any object (GLOVES) contaminated (HANDS)
  • ——Surfaces
  • ———–Droplet
  • ———–Airborn
  • ———–Vector (INSECT)
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28
Q

TERTIARY CONT..

GOT THE DISEASE AT THIS POINT

A
  • Humoral Immunity Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)
    • Phagocytosis
    • Neutralization
    • Agglutination
      • Surround and encapsulate the virus
    • Activation of compliment and inflammation
      • IgM
      • IgG–Acquired as infant from mother
      • IgE
      • IgA
      • IgD
  • Cell Mediated Immunity
    • T-Cells, Cytotoxic, Helper, Memory, Suppressor
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29
Q

SURGICAL ASEPSIS–STERILITY

A
  • Sterile
  • Surgical Scrub
  • Surgical Attire
  • Sterile technique
  • Sterile Fields
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30
Q

TEACHING INFECTION CONTROL

A
  • Wash hands before/after preparing/eating food
  • Use cooking temps high enough to ensure safe eating
  • Wash hands, cutting boards, utensils with hot soapy water before/after handling raw poultry/meat.
  • Keep food refrigerated (exp. Mayo)
  • Wash raw fruits and vegetables
  • Use pasteurized milk and fruit juices
  • Wash hands after bathroom visits
  • Do not share personal items (washcloths, towels, toothbrushes)
  • Use paper-towels or hot air dryers in public facilities
  • Use tongs to lift food at buffets
  • Use sterilizer for comb/brushes in beauty salons
  • Testing for food handlers to detect disease (Typhoid Mary)
  • Encourage Hep A vaccine for food handlers
  • Encourage frequent hand washing
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31
Q

MEDICAL ASEPSIS

A
  • Clean technique
    • Disinfect environment
    • Hand Hygiene
      • Upon arrival to unit
      • When leaving unit
      • Before and after bathroom visit
      • Before and after contact with client
      • Before and after gloving
      • Before and after touching face
      • Before and after eating
      • After touching anything the might be contaminated
      • Whenever hands are visible dirty
How well did you know this?
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32
Q

Normal Flora

A
  • Found all over the body
  • Example—- Intestines
  • ——Aide in digestion
  • ——Synthesize vit. K, release vit. B12, thiamine, riboflavin
  • —— Limit growth of harmful bacteria
33
Q

EVIDENCED-BASED PRACTICE

A
  • Case study with secondary wounds
    • Open wounds requiring dressing change TID
    • First group sterile dressing
      • 1,070 pts over 3 months
      • 9 reported infections (0.84%)
    • Second group clean dressings
      • 963 pts over 3 months
      • 8 reported infections (0.83%)
      • Cost $380 less per patient
34
Q

LIVING RESERVIORS OF INFECTION

A
  • ANIMALS
  • INSECTS
  • HUMANS
  • CARRIERS
  • –CARRY DISEASE PATHOGEN, DO NOT HAVE SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE
  • ——— TYPHIOD MARY
35
Q

STAGES ONE OF INFECTION

A

INCUBATION

  • – EXPOSURE, MAY BE INFECTIOUS BUT NO SYMPTOMS
  • ——-1 DAY (FLU). Several months even years
36
Q

SUPPORT OF IMMUNE DEFENSE

A

-Nutrition
Infection depletes protein, vitamins, minerals, H2O
-Hygiene
-Helps maintain integrity, decreases bacteria count
-Rest/Exercise
-Balance of rest and exercise is needed for renewal and oxygenation
-Stress Reduction
-Remember Thursday……Laughter best medicine
-Immunization
-Expose to weak/dead pathogens
-Stimulates immune response

37
Q

CHAIN OF INFECTION

A
  1. Infectious agent
  2. Reservoir
  3. Portal of exit
  4. Mode of transmission
  5. Portal of entry
  6. Susceptible host
38
Q

INFECTION CONTROL

A
  • When exposed to blood borne pathogens
    • Wash area with running water
    • Use soap or alcohol when possible
    • Contact employee health ASAP (or use as SN)
    • Lab work for baseline you and client
  • Infection Control Nurse Role
    • To minimize infect in facility
    • Must be current on infection information
    • Tracks and reports
  • Bioterrorism and infectious outbreaks
    • Recognize unusual disease patterns
    • Similar resistant patterns
    • Are healthcare workers becoming ill also
39
Q

RESERVOIR

A
  1. Location of Infection
  2. Must support microbial growth
    - Not too wet/dry, need correct electrolyte concentration
    - Salt lake (dead sea)
    - Too hot too cold can slow or kill (Microorganisms)
    - Fever, cooking temps
    - Non living reservoirs of infection
    - Soil (Ringworms)
    - Water
    - Food
    - Environmental surfaces (Fomite)

Living reservoirs of infection

	- Animals
	- Insects
	- Humans
- Carriers
	- Carry disease pathogen, do not have symptoms of disease
		- Typhoid Mary
40
Q

SECONDARY–LINE OF DEFENSE

A
  • Phagocytosis
    • WBC engulf and destroy
      • Neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils
  • Complement cascade
    • Complement (Blood protein) trigger release of chemicals that rupture pathogen cell membrane
    • Signal Basophils to release histamine (inflam)
  • Inflammation
    • Begins with histamine
    • Causes dilation and increased permeability of vessels increasing WBC attach
  • Fever (</= 102 F)
    • To hot for pathogens, triggers immune response
41
Q

HANDLING/DISPOSING SUPPLIES

A
  • Disposable when possible
  • Sterilize/disinfect
  • Bag Color
    • Red most often
  • Bag Labeling
    • Biohazards
  • Double bagging
    • If bag is damaged or soiled on the outside
42
Q

WHAT SHOULD BE DISINFECTED

A
  • Everything…..
  • Food utensils/cups/plates
  • VS equipment
  • Bed
  • Linen
  • IV equipment
  • Blood sugar monitor
43
Q

INFECTIOUS AGENT

A
  1. Normal flora ( found all over the body)
    Example “intestine”
    • aide in digestion
    • synthesize vit. K, release vit. B12, thiamine, riboflavin
    • limit growth of harmful bacteria
  2. Pathogens
    Organisms capable of causing disease
    -bacteria, viruses and fungi ( yeast and mold)
    • Protozoa
    • Amoebae, helminthes (worms), prions (infectious protein that cause neurological disease)
  3. Infection
    • successful invasionof the body by a pathogen
44
Q

SURGICAL ASEPSIS–STERILITY

A
  • Sterile
  • Surgical Scrub
  • Surgical Attire
  • Sterile technique
  • Sterile Fields
45
Q

5 MAGIC QUESTIONS

A
  1. What is it?
  2. What does it look like?
  3. How is it diagnosed?
  4. How is it treated?
  5. What do i teach my patient?
46
Q

TERTIARY

A
  • Specific Immunity
    • Lymphocytes (produced in bone marrow from stem cells)
      • B cells (B-Bone marrow)
      • T cells (T-thymus)
    • Antigens
      • Substance on foreign molecule surface that triggers immune response
47
Q

INFECTIONS CLASSIFIED

A
  • LOCAL: Throat, Finger, A general area. -SYSTEMIC: Everywhere
  • PRIMARY: I am the cause of the problem. -SECONDARY: Something else caused it, yeast from infection.
  • EXOGENOUS NOSOCOMIAL: Hospital-nurse didn’t wash hands. -ENDOGENOUS NOSOCOMIAL:
    • Acquired from other people. - Inside the patient

-LATROGENIC: Result of treatment.

  • ACUTE: All of a sudden-Cold, Flu, Mumps
  • CHRONIC: Long term- Ongoing- Hepatitis, HIV.
  • LATENT: Its there and you don’t show s/s of disease, carrier of some kind.
48
Q

RESERVOIR

A
  1. Location of Infection
  2. Must support microbial growth
    - Not too wet/dry, need correct electrolyte concentration
    - Salt lake (dead sea)
    - Too hot too cold can slow or kill (Microorganisms)
    - Fever, cooking temps
    - Non living reservoirs of infection
    - Soil (Ringworms)
    - Water
    - Food
    - Environmental surfaces (Fomite)

Living reservoirs of infection

	- Animals
	- Insects
	- Humans
- Carriers
	- Carry disease pathogen, do not have symptoms of disease
		- Typhoid Mary
49
Q

MEDICAL ASEPSIS

A
  • Clean technique
    • Disinfect environment
    • Hand Hygiene
      • Upon arrival to unit
      • When leaving unit
      • Before and after bathroom visit
      • Before and after contact with client
      • Before and after gloving
      • Before and after touching face
      • Before and after eating
      • After touching anything the might be contaminated
      • Whenever hands are visible dirty
50
Q

HOW DOES THE NURSE DO IT

A
  • Assessment
    • Nursing History
    • Physical Assessment
  • Nursing diagnosis
    • Risk of infection r/t altered immune response secondary to…..Corticosteroid therapy
    • Risk of infection r/t impaired skin integrity and/or poor nutritional status
  • Goals
    • Client will remain free of infection AEB…
  • Interventions (Break the chain of infection)
    • Aseptic technique used with all exposures
    • Maintain skin integrity and natural defenses
    • Reduce stress
    • Promote immune function
51
Q

CHAIN OF INFECTION

A
  1. Infectious agent
  2. Reservoir
  3. Portal of exit
  4. Mode of transmission
  5. Portal of entry
  6. Susceptible host
52
Q

INFECTION

A

When micro organisms capable of producing disease invade the body.

53
Q

STAGE TWO OF INFECTION

A

PRODROMAL

    • First appearance of symptoms (cold= sore throat)
    • Several hours to several days
54
Q

INFECTION CONTROL

A
  • When exposed to blood borne pathogens
    • Wash area with running water
    • Use soap or alcohol when possible
    • Contact employee health ASAP (or use as SN)
    • Lab work for baseline you and client
  • Infection Control Nurse Role
    • To minimize infect in facility
    • Must be current on infection information
    • Tracks and reports
  • Bioterrorism and infectious outbreaks
    • Recognize unusual disease patterns
    • Similar resistant patterns
    • Are healthcare workers becoming ill also
55
Q

TERTIARY CONT..

GOT THE DISEASE AT THIS POINT

A
  • Humoral Immunity Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)
    • Phagocytosis
    • Neutralization
    • Agglutination
      • Surround and encapsulate the virus
    • Activation of compliment and inflammation
      • IgM
      • IgG–Acquired as infant from mother
      • IgE
      • IgA
      • IgD
  • Cell Mediated Immunity
    • T-Cells, Cytotoxic, Helper, Memory, Suppressor
56
Q

Normal Flora

A
  • Found all over the body
  • Example—- Intestines
  • ——Aide in digestion
  • ——Synthesize vit. K, release vit. B12, thiamine, riboflavin
  • —— Limit growth of harmful bacteria
57
Q

CDC TIER ONE

A
  • Standard Precautions (Universal)
    • Protects you from possible exposure
    • Protects other clients from exposure
    • Wash hands before and after everything
    • Wear glove if potential for blood/body fluids
    • Wear mask/eye protection if potential for splash
    • Wear gown if potential for soiling cloths
    • Never recap used needles
    • Clean all used equipment
    • Ect, ect, ect…..
58
Q

NON LIVING RESERVIORS OF INFECTION

A
  • SOIL—RINGWORMS
  • WATER
  • FOOD
  • ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACES — FOMITE
59
Q

MODE OF TRANSMISSION

A
  • Direct Contact
  • ———–Touching
  • ———–Kissing
  • ———–Sex
  • Animal Direct Contact
  • ———–Scratching
  • ———–Biting
  • —————–Airborn
  • Indirect Contact (Fomite)-(SOLID SURFACES BLOOD PRESSURE CUFF)
  • ——Contaminated object that transfers a pathogen.
  • ——Any object (GLOVES) contaminated (HANDS)
  • ——Surfaces
  • ———–Droplet
  • ———–Airborn
  • ———–Vector (INSECT)
60
Q

CDC TIER TWO

A
  • Contact Precautions
    • Protection from “contact”
    • Gloves, gown
    • Private room
  • Droplet Precautions
    • Add mask/eye protect to contact precautions
  • Airborne Precautions
    • N95 respirator mask for TB
    • Only immune caregivers for measles/chickenpox
  • Protective Isolation
    • To protect client
    • Wear mask
    • Client wear mask when out of room
61
Q

EVIDENCED-BASED PRACTICE

A
  • Case study with secondary wounds
    • Open wounds requiring dressing change TID
    • First group sterile dressing
      • 1,070 pts over 3 months
      • 9 reported infections (0.84%)
    • Second group clean dressings
      • 963 pts over 3 months
      • 8 reported infections (0.83%)
      • Cost $380 less per patient
62
Q

BODIES DEFENSES AGAINST INFECTION

A
  • Inflammatory Response (Acute Infection)
    • Inflammatory response is the first response to a bacteria
    • Redness, heat, swelling, pain and loss of function
      • Vaso constriction then dilation
      • Histamine release to increase vascular permeability allowing protein fluid to are (serious fluid/sanguinous/purulent)
      • WBC
        • Nertrophils primary phagocytes flood area
  • Immune Response
    • (Bodies response foreign/sometimes own protein)
      • Humoral Immunity
        • Foreign protein=antigen
        • Body produces=antibody
      • Cellular Immunity
        • Increased WBC to destroy recognized foreign protein
63
Q

STAGE FOUR OF INFECTION

A

CONVALESCENCE

  • –S/S BEGIN TO SUBSIDE. PATHOGEN #’S DECLINE
  • –TISSUE REPAIR AND RETURN TO HEALTH
  • –INFECTION DETERMINES LENGTH OF CONVALESCENCE
  • –MAY HAVE TEMP/PERMANENT CHANGE IN HEALTH

——KNOW THIS SCREEN!!!!!!!

64
Q

FACTORS THAT INCREASE RISK

A
  • Developmental stage
    • Very young/old
      • Keep brand new baby at home for at least 2 weeks!!!!
  • Breaks in defense
    • Skin
  • Illness or injury
  • Smoking
  • Substance abuse
    • Alcoholic poor appetite
  • Multiple sexual partners
    • exposure
  • Environmental factors
    • Day care, health care, nursing homes
  • Chronic disease
  • Medications
    • Anti-inflammatory
    • Anti-biotic cause yeast infection
  • Medical procedures
    • Cath UTI
    • IV lines ect…
65
Q

STAGES OF INFECTION

-KNOW THIS CARD!!!!!!

A
  • Incubation
    • Exposure, may be infectious but no symptoms
      • 1 day (flu) several months even years
  • Prodromal
    • First appearance of symptoms (cold=sore throat)
    • Several hours to several days
  • Illness
    • Appearance of disease, this stage can lead to death if treatment is unsuccessful
    • Infection determines length of illness
  • Convalescence
    • S/S begin to subside. Pathogen #’s decline
    • Tissue repair and return to health
    • Infection determines length of convalescence
    • May have temp, permanent change in health
66
Q

RESERVIOR

A

LOCATION OF INFECTION

MUST SUPPORT MICROBIAL GROWTH

67
Q

TEACHING INFECTION CONTROL

A
  • Wash hands before/after preparing/eating food
  • Use cooking temps high enough to ensure safe eating
  • Wash hands, cutting boards, utensils with hot soapy water before/after handling raw poultry/meat.
  • Keep food refrigerated (exp. Mayo)
  • Wash raw fruits and vegetables
  • Use pasteurized milk and fruit juices
  • Wash hands after bathroom visits
  • Do not share personal items (washcloths, towels, toothbrushes)
  • Use paper-towels or hot air dryers in public facilities
  • Use tongs to lift food at buffets
  • Use sterilizer for comb/brushes in beauty salons
  • Testing for food handlers to detect disease (Typhoid Mary)
  • Encourage Hep A vaccine for food handlers
  • Encourage frequent hand washing
68
Q

INFECTION

A

SUCCESSFUL INVASION OF THE BODY BY A PATHOGEN

69
Q

PRIMARY–LINE OF DEFENSE

A
  • Skin
    • Intact: PRIMARY MODE TO PREVENT INFECTION
  • Respiratory tree
    • Mucous
    • Hair in nose
    • Cilia: IN LUNGS-SMOKING KILLS THE CILIA IN THE LUNGS, PARALYZES CILIA
  • Eyes
    • Lysozyme in tears
      • antimicrobial
  • Mouth
    • Lysozyme in saliva
      • Kills the bacteria in the mouth
  • Gastrointestinal
    • Acidic
    • Bile (antimicrobial)
    • Vomiting/diarrhea
  • Genitourinary
    • Mucous
    • Acidic
    • Lysozyme
70
Q

CAN SLOW OR KILL MICRO ORGANISMS

A

TO HOT / TO COLD

— FEVER, COOKING TEMPERATURE

71
Q

STAGE THREE OF INFECTION

A

ILLNESS

  • -Appearance of disease this stage can lead to death if treatment is unsuccessful
    • Infection determines length of illness
72
Q

PORTAL OF EXIT

A
  • Body Fluid (EXCEPT SWEAT)
  • Blood
  • Mucous (SNOT NOSE)
  • Saliva
  • Breast Milk
  • Urine, Feces
  • Vomit
  • Semen
  • Cuts
  • Bites
  • Abrasions
73
Q

STAGES OF INFECTION

A
  1. Incubation
  2. Prodromal
  3. Illness
  4. Convalescence
74
Q

SUPPORT OF IMMUNE DEFENSE

A

-Nutrition
Infection depletes protein, vitamins, minerals, H2O
-Hygiene
-Helps maintain integrity, decreases bacteria count
-Rest/Exercise
-Balance of rest and exercise is needed for renewal and oxygenation
-Stress Reduction
-Remember Thursday……Laughter best medicine
-Immunization
-Expose to weak/dead pathogens
-Stimulates immune response

75
Q

PORTAL OF ENTRY

A
  • Normal Body Openings
  • ——-Conjuctiva
  • ——-Nares
  • ——-Mouth
  • ——-Urethra
  • ——-Vagina
  • ——-Anus
  • Abnormal Openings
  • ——-Cuts
  • ——-Scrapes
  • ——-Bites
  • ——-Wounds
  • ————SURGICAL WOUND
  • ————ACCIDENTAL WOUND
  • ————ANY OPEN WOUND
76
Q

SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

A
  • Person with inadequate defenses
    • 3 factors leading to infection
      1. Virulence of organism (power to infect)
      2. Number transmitted
      3. Host defenses
77
Q

STAGES ONE OF INFECTION

A

INCUBATION

  • – EXPOSURE, MAY BE INFECTIOUS BUT NO SYMPTOMS
  • ——-1 DAY (FLU). Several months even years
78
Q

LIVING RESERVIORS OF INFECTION

A
  • ANIMALS
  • INSECTS
  • HUMANS
  • CARRIERS
  • –CARRY DISEASE PATHOGEN, DO NOT HAVE SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE
  • ——— TYPHIOD MARY
79
Q

PATHOGENS

A

ORGANISMS CAPABLE OF CAUSING DISEASE

  • —BACTERIA, VIRUSES AND FUNGI (yeast and molds)
  • —PROTOZOA
  • ——-AMOEBAE, HELMINTHS (worms), PRIONS (INFECTIOUS PROTEIN THAT CAUSE NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE)

From Flashcardlet first semester (43 decks)

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