Nutrition Flashcards
Fluid requirements
high
caloric intake for infants
at 1 month,
100-115kcal/kg
infants receive 50% of cals from…
fat
primary carb in breastfeeding is…
lactose
breastfeeding stimulates…
digestion of cholesterol
most variable component
fat content
-affected by mom’s pregnancy, stage of lactation, diet
breastfeeding duration
exclusive for 6 months
continue for 12 months
breastfeeding
advantages
- excellent nutritional balance
- promotes GI function
- fosters immune defense
- psych + economic advantages
breastfeeding strategies
- education
- referrals
- early primary care visits
- cultural sensitivity
Weaning
transition fr breast/bottle feeding to drinking fr a cup
Weaning
offer a cup at…
8-9 months old
influence to cause weaning
- fam pressure
- culture pressure
- personal opinion
- partner pressure
- infant stops taking breasts
Weaning education
- offer 1 cup per day, few days per week
- should be given iron-fortified formula instead of cow’s milk
AAP recommends introducing complementary food…
at 6 months
start w 1/4 cup
signs that baby is ready to be introduced complementary food
- diminished extrusion reflex
- sits w support
- indicates desire for food, turns away when full
which foods to avoid when introducing complementary foods
- hot dogs
- hard veggies
- candy
- chunks of peanut butter
supervise at all times
recommended solid foods at 6 months
- rice
- single-grain baby cereal
meats should be introduced…
at 8-10 months
one new food at a time, __ days apart
3-4
no ________, before 6 months
no carrots no beets no squash no beans no spinach
bc of nitrates
avoid honey until…
1 y.o.
birth - month
nutritional pattern
eats Q2-3hr
- breasts/bottle
- 2-3oz/feed
2 - 4 months
nutritional pattern
eats Q3-4hr
3-4oz/feed
-coordinated suck + swallow
4 - 6 months
nutritional pattern
breask milk/formula >4x/day
4-5oz/feed
6 - 8 months
nutritional pattern
eats baby food like rice cereal, fruits, vegetables,
2-5tbs
TID
8 - 10 months
nutritional pattern
soft finger foods
TID
10 - 12 months
nutritional pattern
most soft table foods w family TID -cups w/o lids -feeds self w spoon -spills often
Toddlers sit in…
highchair
____ portion is most appealing to toddlers
small portions
____ of each food per year of age for toddlers
1 tbs
toddlers - milk
24-28 oz daily
~whole milk for 1-2 yo
~2% after 2yo
toddlers - fruit juice
100% fruit juice
~4-6 oz daily for kids 1-6 yo
physiologic anorexia
- common in toddlers
- extremely high metab demands of infancy slows to keep pace w moderate growth
-theyre fine
encourage toddlers to ___to promote autonomy
self-feed
Preschoolers tend to be ____ but are more willing to ______ by age of ____
picky eaters;
sample different foods;
5yo
Food jags
eat only one food prepared the same way for a period of time
-offer other foods w their preferred food
food jags are common in…
preschoolers
Preadolescent growth spur is common in… and require…
girls (10-11yo) + boys (11-12yo)
increased nutrition needs
teach children to prepare their own nutritious meal by…
using concrete pictures, samples of foods, videos, hand outs
encourage school-age children…
freedom of choice + socialization
esp for hospitalized kids
nutritional needs for adolescents is ______;
______ for bots, and even more if ____
> 2000cal/day
up to 3000 cal/day for boys
more if they play sports
Why is single food prep baby foods preferred when introducing food
Bc less sugar, salt, fillers
