Alterations in GU functions Flashcards
expected urine output
INFANT
2 mL/kg/hr
expected urine output
CHILD
0.5-1 mL/kg/hr
expected urine output
ADOLESCENT
40-80 mL/kg/hr
UTI is most often caused by…
E.coli
anyone <2y.o. w fever of unknown origin
test for UTI
CYSTITIS VS PYELONEPHRITIS
C: lower UTI (urinary tract + bladder)
P: upper UTI (above bladder)
UTI
expected findings in INFANTS
- incr irritability
- scream/strain when voiding
- foul smell urine
- freq urinatn
- fever
UTI
expected findings in CHILDREN
- ab pain
- suprapubic/flank pain
- dysuria
- enuresis/urgency
- polyuria
- cloudy + foul smell urine
UTI
diagnosis
urine dipstick or urinalysis
- leukocytes
- nitrite
bladder exstrophy
bladder is turned in
-so part is inside abdominal wall
bladder exstrophy
priority nursing actions
cover exposed bladder w plastic wrap
-to maintain moisture
hypospadias vs epispadias
congenital anomaly of location of the urethral meatus
HYPO: ventral/front
EPI: dorsal/back
hypospadias + epispadias surgery
performed at 6-12 months to prevent psych trauma
Phimosis
narrowing of foreskin opening
- usually disappears on its own
- DO NOT forcibly retract
cyptorchidism
undescended testicles
chordee
fibrous bad causing the ventral curvature of penis
OBSTRUCTIVE UROPATHY
structural + functional abnormality of urinary tract
>can cause VESICOURETERAL REFLUX + HYDRONEPHROSIS
VESICOURETERAL REFLUX
condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder to one or both ureters and sometimes to the kidneys
HYDRONEPHROSIS
swelling happens when urine can’t drain from a kidney and builds up in the kidney
OBSTRUCTIVE UROPATHY
diagnosis
Voiding CystoUrethroGram [VCUG]
-diagnoes ureteropelvicjunction + uterovesicular obstructions
OBSTRUCTIVE UROPATHY should avoid…
contact sports lol
Enuresis
repeated involuntary voiding 2x/wk for 3 mos
-usually 5-6 y.o.
Primary Enuresis
never had bladder control
>fr maturation delay or small functionl bladdr
Secondary Enuresis
had bladder control
>assoc w stress, infectn, sleep disordrs
Enuresis
intervention
limit fluids esp at night
2hr before bedtime
Nephrotic Syndrome
alteratn in kidney function
>change in basement membrane permeability
»>allows proteins esp albumin to pass into urine
Nephrotic Syndrome causes _____ which then causes ___
hypoalbunemia + hypoproteinemia;
edema, proteinuria
Nephrotic Syndrome
manifestations
- decreased urine
- frothy urine
- normal to slightly low BP
- tight fitting clothes (fr edema)
- wt gain
Nephrotic Syndrome
intervention
steroid therapy w prednisone
>for 4-6 wks start w 60mg/m/day
>then for 2-3 months 40 mg/m every other day
>taper
Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis
damaged glomeruli fr immune complexes after an illness
Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis
usually occurs after contracting…..
GABHS infection
Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis
the damaged glomeruli results in ______, and kidneys respond by _______ and retaining ______
lowered GFR;
increased vascular permeability;
retaining Na + H2O
Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis
findings
- tea colored urine
- HTN
Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis
lab tests
- positive antistreptolysin O titer [ASO]
- urinalysis may show proteinuria
Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis
interventions
- Na + fluid restriction
- K restrictions during periods of oliguria
