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Pediatrics > Alterations in GU functions > Flashcards

Alterations in GU functions Flashcards

1
Q

expected urine output

INFANT

A

2 mL/kg/hr

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2
Q

expected urine output

CHILD

A

0.5-1 mL/kg/hr

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3
Q

expected urine output

ADOLESCENT

A

40-80 mL/kg/hr

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4
Q

UTI is most often caused by…

A

E.coli

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5
Q

anyone <2y.o. w fever of unknown origin

A

test for UTI

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6
Q

CYSTITIS VS PYELONEPHRITIS

A

C: lower UTI (urinary tract + bladder)
P: upper UTI (above bladder)

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7
Q

UTI

expected findings in INFANTS

A
  • incr irritability
  • scream/strain when voiding
  • foul smell urine
  • freq urinatn
  • fever
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8
Q

UTI

expected findings in CHILDREN

A
  • ab pain
  • suprapubic/flank pain
  • dysuria
  • enuresis/urgency
  • polyuria
  • cloudy + foul smell urine
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9
Q

UTI

diagnosis

A

urine dipstick or urinalysis

  • leukocytes
  • nitrite
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10
Q

bladder exstrophy

A

bladder is turned in

-so part is inside abdominal wall

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11
Q

bladder exstrophy

priority nursing actions

A

cover exposed bladder w plastic wrap

-to maintain moisture

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12
Q

hypospadias vs epispadias

A

congenital anomaly of location of the urethral meatus

HYPO: ventral/front
EPI: dorsal/back

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13
Q

hypospadias + epispadias surgery

A

performed at 6-12 months to prevent psych trauma

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14
Q

Phimosis

A

narrowing of foreskin opening

  • usually disappears on its own
  • DO NOT forcibly retract
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15
Q

cyptorchidism

A

undescended testicles

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16
Q

chordee

A

fibrous bad causing the ventral curvature of penis

17
Q

OBSTRUCTIVE UROPATHY

A

structural + functional abnormality of urinary tract

>can cause VESICOURETERAL REFLUX + HYDRONEPHROSIS

18
Q

VESICOURETERAL REFLUX

A

condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder to one or both ureters and sometimes to the kidneys

19
Q

HYDRONEPHROSIS

A

swelling happens when urine can’t drain from a kidney and builds up in the kidney

20
Q

OBSTRUCTIVE UROPATHY

diagnosis

A

Voiding CystoUrethroGram [VCUG]

-diagnoes ureteropelvicjunction + uterovesicular obstructions

21
Q

OBSTRUCTIVE UROPATHY should avoid…

A

contact sports lol

22
Q

Enuresis

A

repeated involuntary voiding 2x/wk for 3 mos

-usually 5-6 y.o.

23
Q

Primary Enuresis

A

never had bladder control

>fr maturation delay or small functionl bladdr

24
Q

Secondary Enuresis

A

had bladder control

>assoc w stress, infectn, sleep disordrs

25
Q

Enuresis

intervention

A

limit fluids esp at night

2hr before bedtime

26
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome

A

alteratn in kidney function
>change in basement membrane permeability
»>allows proteins esp albumin to pass into urine

27
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome causes _____ which then causes ___

A

hypoalbunemia + hypoproteinemia;

edema, proteinuria

28
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome

manifestations

A
  • decreased urine
  • frothy urine
  • normal to slightly low BP
  • tight fitting clothes (fr edema)
  • wt gain
29
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome

intervention

A

steroid therapy w prednisone
>for 4-6 wks start w 60mg/m/day
>then for 2-3 months 40 mg/m every other day
>taper

30
Q

Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis

A

damaged glomeruli fr immune complexes after an illness

31
Q

Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis

usually occurs after contracting…..

A

GABHS infection

32
Q

Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis

the damaged glomeruli results in ______, and kidneys respond by _______ and retaining ______

A

lowered GFR;
increased vascular permeability;
retaining Na + H2O

33
Q

Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis

findings

A
  • tea colored urine

- HTN

34
Q

Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis

lab tests

A
  • positive antistreptolysin O titer [ASO]

- urinalysis may show proteinuria

35
Q

Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis

interventions

A
  • Na + fluid restriction

- K restrictions during periods of oliguria

Pediatrics (51 decks)

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