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Pediatrics > ATI 15 - Cognitive + Sensory Impairments > Flashcards

ATI 15 - Cognitive + Sensory Impairments Flashcards

1
Q

how often to screen visual impairment

A

yearly

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2
Q

myopia [nearsightedness] manifestations

A
  • headaches/vertigo
  • eye rubbing
  • difficulty reading
  • clumsiness (frequently walking into objects)
  • poor school performance
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3
Q

hyperopia [farsightedness]

A

-because of accommodation, not usually detected until age 7

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4
Q

astigmatism + manifestations

A

uneven refractive curvature in vision in which only parts of letters on a page can be seen
M: headache/vertigo

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5
Q

astigmatism may seem like normal vision because…

A

tilting the head enables all letters to be seen

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6
Q

Amblyopia aka

A

lazy eye

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7
Q

Amblyopia

A

reduced visual acuity in one eye

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8
Q

Esotropia

A

inward deviation

-strabismus

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9
Q

Exotropia

A

outward deviation

-strabismus

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10
Q

Strabismus Objective Manifestation

A
  • misaligned eyes
  • frowning or squinting
  • difficulty seeing print clearly
  • one eye closed to better vision
  • head tilted to one side
  • crossed eyed
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11
Q

Strabismus Subjective Manifestations

A
  • headache
  • dizzy
  • diplopia
  • photophobia
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12
Q

tests for Strabismus

A
  • abnormal corneal light reflex

- cover test

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13
Q

Cataracts

A

gray opacity of the lens which prevents light from entering into the eye

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14
Q

Cataract manifestations

A
  • decr ability to see clearly
  • possible loss of peripheral vision
  • nystagmus
  • strabismus
  • absent red reflex
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15
Q

cataract sign in infants

A

inability to reach and grab objects like a rattle toy

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16
Q

Glaucoma

A

increased ocular pressure in eye

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17
Q

Glaucoma manifestations

A
  • loss of periph vision
  • halos around objects
  • red eye
  • epiphora
  • photophobia
  • blepharospasm
  • corneal haziness
  • buphtalmos
  • possible pain
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18
Q

In glaucoma patients, the red reflex will appear

A

gray to green

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19
Q

epiphora

A

excessive tearing

20
Q

blepharospasm

A

spasmodic winking

21
Q

buphthalmos

A

enlargement of the eyeball

22
Q

retina is normally vascularized around which age…

A

8 month gestation

23
Q

immature blood vessels constricts when exposed to…

A

high O2 concentration

24
Q

leading cause of vision loss in kids

A

amblyopia

25
Q

HOTV test

A

picture chart

26
Q

child should be ___ ft away for vision tests

A

10 feet

27
Q

partial visual impairment

A

acuity of 20/70 to 20/200

28
Q

legal blindness

A

20/200 or worse

29
Q

ishihara or hardt-rand-rittler test

A

for color vision

set of cards to identify the number

30
Q

MYOPIA

corrective measure

A

bioconcave lenses
contact lenses
laser surgery for adolescent

31
Q

HYPEROPIA

corrective measure

A

-convex lenses

laser surgery

32
Q

ASTIGMATISM

corrective measure

A

lenses that compensate for refractive errors

laser surgery

33
Q

AMBLYOPIA

corrective measure

A

treat primary visual defect

  • occlusion therapy on good eye 2-6 hr/daily
  • best chance of tx by 5-6 y0
34
Q

STRABISMUS

corrective measure

A

occlusion therapy
-patch stronger eye
-remove patch 1 hr each day
laser surgery

35
Q

caring for a child w vision impairment

A
  • orient to surroundings
  • promote independence
  • aid in meeting milestones
  • call by name before touching
  • refer to services (braille, audio tape, special computers)
36
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

problem w sound transmission

-otitis media, external ear infectn, foreign bodies, excessv ear wax

37
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

problem w transmission along nerve pathway

-can be fr congenital defects, or secondary acquired conditions, genetic

38
Q

central auditory imperception

A

involves all other hearing losses r/t natl causes

39
Q

hearing loss

expected findings INFANTS

A
  • lack of startle reflex
  • failure to respond to noise
  • absence of vocalization by 7 mo
  • lack of response to the spoken word
  • failure to localize sound by 6 mo
40
Q

hearing loss

expected findings OLDER CHILDREN

A
  • *using gestures instead of talking after 15 mo**
  • failure to dvlp understood speech by 24 mo
  • *yelling to express emo**
  • irritability due to inability to gain attention
  • seems shy/withdrawn
  • inattentive to surrounding
  • *monotone speech**
  • need to repeat convo
  • *speak loudly for situation**
41
Q

hearing loss nursing care

A
  • promote speech dvlpt. lip readng, cued speech, hand gestures w verbl commnctn
  • encourage socializtn + use of aids to promote indpndnc (flshng light for cell)
  • assist w hearing aids (store batteries in safe place, if can hear whstlng then turn down volume)
  • assess gait + balance
42
Q

signs of visual impairment in infants

A
  • unable to follow light/objects
  • no eye contact
  • dull vacant stare
  • does not imitate facial expressions
43
Q

signs of visual impairment in toddlers + older children

A
  • rub, shut, or cover eyes
  • tilt or thrust head forward
  • frequent blinking
  • hold object close
  • bumps into objects
  • squints
44
Q

color blindness

A

x linked recessive disorder

-10% of males

45
Q

tx for sensorineural hearing impairment

A

cochlear implant

46
Q

tx for conductive hearing impairment

A
  • communicatn device

- hearing aids

Pediatrics (51 decks)

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