ATI 17 - Acute + Infectious Respiratory Illness Flashcards
tonsils
masses of lymph tissue found in pharyngeal area
-highly vascular
palatine tonsils
located on both sides of oropharynx
-removed during tonsillectomy
pharyngeal tonsils
aka adenoids
-removed during adenoidectomy
enlarged tonsils
can block nose/throat + interfere w breathing, sleeping, swallowing, speaking
acute tonsillitis
when tonsils become inflamed + reddened
-can become chronic
symptoms of tonsilitis
- freq throat infectn
- difficulty breathing/swallowing
- persistent redness of anterior pillars
- enlarged cervical lymph nodes
symptoms of adenoiditis
- nasal stuffiness
- discharge
- postnasal drip
- causes coughing + excessive clearing of throat
tonsillectomy
for frequent tonsilitis +
- fever above 38.3
- cervical lymphadenopathy
- tonsillar exudate
- positive strep infection
maintain ____ preop for tonsillectomy
npo
Tonsillectomy post op care
- elevatd position > facilitate drainage
- assess for bleeding (swallowng, clearng throat, bright red emesis, tachycardia, pallor)
- ice to throat, cool drinks
avoid ___, ___, ___, ___ for post op tonsillectomy
avoid:
- citrus
- anything red colored
- coughing
- throat clearing
- nose blowing
- straws
tonsillectomy recovery takes..
14 days
bleeding after tonsillectomy is likely to occur…
first 24 hr + 7-10 days after scar is formed
Nasopharyngitis aka
upper resp infection
common cold
Nasopharyngitis
self limiting virus [4-10 dy]
Nasopharyngitis tx
- rest
- vaporized air (cool mist humdifier)
- norm saline nose drops w suctions Q3-4hr
20% of pharyngitis is caused by…
bacteria usually streptococcus (GABH)
pharyngitis symptoms
- purulent drainage, white patches
- headache, fever, ab pain
- severe pain when swalling + drooling
pharyngitis aka
strep throat
pharyngitis/strep throat care
- cool, nonacidic fluids
- penicillin or macrolide
- rest
- hand hygiene
- gargle w salt water
- nasal drop, spray, suction
Influenza A + B aka
flu
Influenza A + B symptoms
- sudden onset of fever + chills
- dry throat + nasal mucosa
- dry cough
- flushed face
- photophobia
- myalgia
- fatigue
Influenza A + B Tx
- flu vaccine prior
- oseltamivir must start w/in 48 hr of onset of symptoms
Bronchiolitis
viral or bacterial causes inflammatn in bronchiole
|»_space;cause mucus buildup + bronchospasm + atelectasis
common cause of bronchiolitis
respiratory syncytial virus
others are adenovirus, parainfluenza, hMPV
respiratory syncytial virus or bronchiolitis
symptoms
- URI (congestion, cough, fevr)
- resp distress (wheez, tachypn, retractn)
- wide range of severity
respiratory syncytial virus
transmission
direct contact w resp secretion or indirectly thry contaminatd surface
nearly all children have been infected w respiratory syncytial virus by the age of…
2 yo
initial signs of RESP DISTRESS
restlessness tachypnea tachycardia diaphoresis Dyspnea
early decompensation of resp
nasal flaring retraction wheezing grunting anxiety/irritability mood change headache HTN confusn
signs of severe HYPOXIA + imminent RESP ARREST
bradypnea bradycardia cyanosis stupor coma
resp rate for newborns, [1 mo-2 yr], [3-12yr], [13-18]
newborn: 30-60
[1mo-2y]: 25-30
[3-12y]: 20-25
[13-18t]: 16-20
Pneumonia
lower airway disorder
inflammation or infection of bronchioles + alveoli
___ pneumonia is more common in younger ages
viral
usually mycoplasma
Croup syndromes
inflammation + swelling of epiglottis + larynx
-usually viral (H. influenzai)
Croup manifestations
bark like cough “croupy cough”
stridor
Croup tx
- steroids
- racemic epinephrine
- humidified O2
Epiglottitis (cause, age group, signs, therapy)
most life-threatening croup
- haemo influenza, GBAHS, staph
- 2-8 yo
- high fever, dysphagia, drool, tripo positn, no barkin cough
- intubatn, blood culture, IV abx
tracheitis (age group, signs)
- 1month-13 years
- purulent secretion + fever
tracheitis
inflammatn + swellng of trachea + larynx
tracheitis manifestation
- purulent secretion
- bark like cough
- URI symptoms
