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Pediatrics > alt in hematologic function > Flashcards

alt in hematologic function Flashcards

1
Q

RBC ped differences

A

falls for first 2-3 months

-then incr until mature levels in adolescence

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2
Q

WBC ped differences

A

highest at birth

-then declines until adolescence

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3
Q

most common anemia

A

iron deficiency

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4
Q

chronic blood loss from __ + ___ may cause iron deficiency anemia

A
  • celiac

- menorrhagia

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5
Q

iron deficiency

dietary risk factors

A
  • infatns not eating solids after 6 mos
  • infants only fed breastmilk not fortified w iron
  • infants fed cows milk too early or primarily
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6
Q

iron deficiency anemia

symtom

A

pallor

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7
Q

iron deficiency anemia

diagnosis

A
  • CSC to look for low RBC, HgB, HcT
  • serum testing for iron
  • screening rec during infancy
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8
Q

ANEMIA

HgB<

A

11g/dL

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9
Q

increase dietary iron

A
  • Fe supplements start at 2-6 months depending on risk level
  • educate parents about food w Fe + vit C
  • cows milk restriction
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10
Q

Ferrous sulfate

s/e

A

constipation + GI discomfort

-black colored stools are normal

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11
Q

Ferrous sulfate

education

A
  • taper off once food intake is sufficient

- do NOT give w food or antacids

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12
Q

normocytic anemia

A

anemia w norm sized cells

-can be due to hemorrhage

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13
Q

sickle cell disease

triggers

A
  • hypoxia
  • fever
  • stress
  • high altitudes
  • vasoconstrictoin fr cold weather
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14
Q

acute vaso-occlussive crisis fr sickle cell

A
  • lasts 4-6 days
  • severe pain to bones, joinds, + abdomen
  • swollen joints, hands, + feet
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15
Q

chronic vaso-occlussive crisis fr sickle cell

A
  • incr risk of infections
  • retinal detachment or blindness
  • renal failure + enuresis
  • liver cirrhosis + hepatomegaly
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16
Q

sicle cell disease complications

A 
1 splenic/hepatic sequestration
2 acute chest syndrome
3 aplastic crisis
4 stroke
5 sepsis
6 hyperhemolytic crisis
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17
Q

splenic/hepatic sequestration

A

excessive pooling of blood esp in spleen

-reduces circulating vol> progress to hypovolemic shock

18
Q

acute chest syndrome

A 
tachypnea
dyspnea
retractions
decr o2 sat
chest/back/ab pain
cough
19
Q

aplastic crisis

A

extreme anemia d/t decr RBC production

-usually fr viral infection

20
Q

sepsis fr sickle cell

A
  • osteomyelitis
  • septic arthritis
  • meningitis
21
Q

thalassemias

A

inherited blood disorder of hgb synth

22
Q

thalassemias

s/s

A

chronic hypoxia

  • headache
  • irritability
  • precordial + bone pain
  • exercise intolerance
  • anorexia
  • epistaxis
23
Q

thalassemias

detection

A

usually detected in infancy or toddlerhood

-first s/s: pallor, FTT

24
Q

hemophilia A

A

deficiency in factor VIII

  • males
  • more common
25
Q

hemophilia B

A

deficiency of factor IX

males

26
Q

hemophilia is usually not detected until..

A

about 6 mos of age

-as they become injured fr falling over

27
Q

hemophilia

s/s

A
  • hemarthrosis
  • headache
  • slurred speech
  • decr LOC
28
Q

hemarthrosis fr hemophilia

A

-bleeding into joint space esp knees, elbows, ankles
-limited ROM due to pain + swelling
»>cause deformities over time

29
Q

hemophilia

lab findings

A
  • prolonged aptt

- norm pt, fibrinogen, plt count

30
Q

hemophilia

meds

A
  • DDAVP
  • factor VIII or IX concentrates
  • acetaminophen for pain
31
Q

DDAVP

A

stim release of factor VIII

-good for milk cases or before procedure that can cause bleeding

32
Q

von Willebrand disease

A

most common hereditary bleeding disorder
deficient or malfunctioning vWF
-easy bruising, bleeds often
-ddavp prn

33
Q

DIC

A

clotting systm abormally activated
>clot material is used up
>bleeding + hemorrhage

34
Q

common cause of DIC

A

sepsis

35
Q

DIC

therapy

A

platelet + factor replacement

36
Q

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

A

autoantibodies bind to platelet

37
Q

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

s/s

A
  • multiple ecchymoses + petechiae

- mucosal bleeding inmouth/nose

38
Q

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

dx

A
  • decr plt count

- norm Hgb + WBC

39
Q

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

meds

A
  • corticosteroids
  • IVIG
  • IV anti-D
40
Q

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

prognosis

A

20% develop a chronic disease

Pediatrics (51 decks)

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