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pediatrics > Infectious/Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious/Communicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

infectious disease

A

any communicable disease caused by microbe

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2
Q

3 routes of transmission

A

direct
indirect (formites)
vectors (ticks, mosquitos)

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3
Q

peds differences

A
  • immature immune sytm
  • limited exposure to disease
  • poor hygiene
  • unable to describe sympt
  • maybe noncompliant
  • more susceptible to severe cimplicatn
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4
Q

s/s during incubation period

A

asymptomatic

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5
Q

fever

A

38 C 100.4 F

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6
Q

fever manifestationis

A
  • incr HR
  • incr HR
  • incr metab rate
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7
Q

fever tx

A

incr fluid intake

-ibuprofen/acetaminophen

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8
Q

when is fever an emergency?

A 
41 C  105.9 F
w toxic appearance
-lethargy
-poor perfusion
-hypoventilation
-cyanosis
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9
Q

Chickenpox

vaccine

A

varicella

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10
Q

chickenpox/varicella

isolation

A

airborne

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11
Q

chickenpox/varicella

manifestations

A

macule>papule>vesicle>eruption>crust

  • crusts can last 1-3 wk
  • starts on trunk then spread to face +proximal extremities
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12
Q

chickenpox/varicella

mgmt

A

mostly supportive

acyclovir + immune globulin for high risk kids

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13
Q

diphtheria

isolation

A

droplet

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14
Q

diphtheria

manifestations

A

adherent grayish pharyngeal membrane

-bleeds easily

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15
Q

diphtheria

mgmt

A

IV antitoxin + abx

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16
Q

enteroviruses

isolation

A

contact

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17
Q

enteroviruses

manifestations

A
  • herpangina*

* hand, foot, mouthdisease

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18
Q

enterovirus

herpangina manifestations

A

small grayish papulovesicular ulcerative pharyngeal lesions

-gradually increase in size

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19
Q

enterovirus

hand, foot, + mouth disease

A

diffuse lesions on mucous membranes of mouth

  • papulovesicular lesions on the hands + feet
  • lasts for 7-10 days
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20
Q

enterovirus

mgmt

A

supportive tx

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21
Q

Fifth disease

causal agent + isolation

A

human parvovirus + droplets

22
Q

Fifth disease

manifestations

A

“slapped face”

-fiery red rash on cheeks

23
Q

Fifth disease

A

supportive treatment

24
Q

Haemophilus influenzae, Type B

isolation

A

droplet until s/p 24 hours abx

25
Q

Haemophilus influenzae, Type B

manifestations

A

epiglottis

26
Q

Measles (Rubeola)

isolation

A

airborne

27
Q

Measles (Rubeola)

PRODROMAL manifestations

A

1-3 days mm gray or blue-gray spots on erythematous base

-on the buccal mucosa

28
Q

Measles (Rubeola)

stage 2 manifestations

A

maculopapular rash (dark red to purple)

29
Q

meningococcus

isolation

A

droplet until s/p 24 hr abx

30
Q

meningococcus

meningitis - manifestations

A
  • stiff neck
  • decr mental status
  • seizure
  • coma
31
Q

meningococcus

meningococcemia - manifestation

A
  • cold hands + feet

- petechial rash

32
Q

mononucleosis

Mgmt

A

corticosteroids

-for tonsillar swelling, impending airway obstruction, massive splenomegaly

33
Q

Mumps

causal agent + isolation

A

rubulavirus + droplet

34
Q

Mumps

manifestations

A

swelling of one or more salivary glands (parotis, sublingual, or submaxillary)

35
Q

Mumps

management

A

supportive treatment

36
Q

Pertussis

isolation

A

droplet

37
Q

Pertussis

paroxysmal - manifestation

A

paroxysm of rapid coughs followed by a forceful inspiration with stridor
(the “whoop”)

38
Q

poliomyelitis

isolation

A

droplet

39
Q

rotavirus

isolation

A

contact

40
Q

rotavirus

manifestations

A

vomiting + watery diarrhea

41
Q

rotavirus

mgmt

A

fluid + electrolyte replacement

42
Q

rubella aka german measles

isolation

A

droplet

43
Q

rubella aka german measles

manifestations

A

forchheimer spots (discrete, ertyhematou lesions on soft palate)

rash stage: pink, maculopapular rash appears on face + neck

44
Q

tetanus

isolation

A

standard

45
Q

tetanus

manifestations

A

stiff neck/jaw

  • risus sardonicus
  • rigid abdomen + trunk produce opisthonos
46
Q

risus sardonicus

A

painful facial spasms
-may cause grinning expressions

tetanus

47
Q

rabies

prodromal stage

A

2-10 days

  • fever,
  • headache,
  • malaise,
  • apprehension
  • paresthesia at site of bite
48
Q

rabies

mgmt

A

-virucidal agent like povidone

49
Q

rabies

postexposure prophylaxis

A
  • human rabies immune globulin near bite

- human diploid cell rabies vaccine starting the day of bite

50
Q

early signs of sepsis in children vs newborn

A

C: hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea

N: subtle

51
Q

repsis mgmt

A

IV FLUID RESUSCITATION

pediatrics (51 decks)

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