Infectious/Communicable Diseases Flashcards
infectious disease
any communicable disease caused by microbe
3 routes of transmission
direct
indirect (formites)
vectors (ticks, mosquitos)
peds differences
- immature immune sytm
- limited exposure to disease
- poor hygiene
- unable to describe sympt
- maybe noncompliant
- more susceptible to severe cimplicatn
s/s during incubation period
asymptomatic
fever
38 C 100.4 F
fever manifestationis
- incr HR
- incr HR
- incr metab rate
fever tx
incr fluid intake
-ibuprofen/acetaminophen
when is fever an emergency?
41 C 105.9 F w toxic appearance -lethargy -poor perfusion -hypoventilation -cyanosis
Chickenpox
vaccine
varicella
chickenpox/varicella
isolation
airborne
chickenpox/varicella
manifestations
macule>papule>vesicle>eruption>crust
- crusts can last 1-3 wk
- starts on trunk then spread to face +proximal extremities
chickenpox/varicella
mgmt
mostly supportive
acyclovir + immune globulin for high risk kids
diphtheria
isolation
droplet
diphtheria
manifestations
adherent grayish pharyngeal membrane
-bleeds easily
diphtheria
mgmt
IV antitoxin + abx
enteroviruses
isolation
contact
enteroviruses
manifestations
- herpangina*
* hand, foot, mouthdisease
enterovirus
herpangina manifestations
small grayish papulovesicular ulcerative pharyngeal lesions
-gradually increase in size
enterovirus
hand, foot, + mouth disease
diffuse lesions on mucous membranes of mouth
- papulovesicular lesions on the hands + feet
- lasts for 7-10 days
enterovirus
mgmt
supportive tx
Fifth disease
causal agent + isolation
human parvovirus + droplets
Fifth disease
manifestations
“slapped face”
-fiery red rash on cheeks
Fifth disease
supportive treatment
Haemophilus influenzae, Type B
isolation
droplet until s/p 24 hours abx
Haemophilus influenzae, Type B
manifestations
epiglottis
Measles (Rubeola)
isolation
airborne
Measles (Rubeola)
PRODROMAL manifestations
1-3 days mm gray or blue-gray spots on erythematous base
-on the buccal mucosa
Measles (Rubeola)
stage 2 manifestations
maculopapular rash (dark red to purple)
meningococcus
isolation
droplet until s/p 24 hr abx
meningococcus
meningitis - manifestations
- stiff neck
- decr mental status
- seizure
- coma
meningococcus
meningococcemia - manifestation
- cold hands + feet
- petechial rash
mononucleosis
Mgmt
corticosteroids
-for tonsillar swelling, impending airway obstruction, massive splenomegaly
Mumps
causal agent + isolation
rubulavirus + droplet
Mumps
manifestations
swelling of one or more salivary glands (parotis, sublingual, or submaxillary)
Mumps
management
supportive treatment
Pertussis
isolation
droplet
Pertussis
paroxysmal - manifestation
paroxysm of rapid coughs followed by a forceful inspiration with stridor
(the “whoop”)
poliomyelitis
isolation
droplet
rotavirus
isolation
contact
rotavirus
manifestations
vomiting + watery diarrhea
rotavirus
mgmt
fluid + electrolyte replacement
rubella aka german measles
isolation
droplet
rubella aka german measles
manifestations
forchheimer spots (discrete, ertyhematou lesions on soft palate)
rash stage: pink, maculopapular rash appears on face + neck
tetanus
isolation
standard
tetanus
manifestations
stiff neck/jaw
- risus sardonicus
- rigid abdomen + trunk produce opisthonos
risus sardonicus
painful facial spasms
-may cause grinning expressions
tetanus
rabies
prodromal stage
2-10 days
- fever,
- headache,
- malaise,
- apprehension
- paresthesia at site of bite
rabies
mgmt
-virucidal agent like povidone
rabies
postexposure prophylaxis
- human rabies immune globulin near bite
- human diploid cell rabies vaccine starting the day of bite
early signs of sepsis in children vs newborn
C: hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea
N: subtle
repsis mgmt
IV FLUID RESUSCITATION
