Chapter 4 - Growth + Development

Question 1

Defense mechanism

Answer 1

divers impulses + protects itself fr excess anxiety

-used by EGO

Question 2

Common defense mechanisms used by children [4]

Answer 2

1 regression
2 repression
3 rationalization
4 fantasy

Question 3

regression

Answer 3

return to an earlier behavior

Question 4

repression

Answer 4

involuntary forgetting of uncomfortable situation

Question 5

rationalization

Answer 5

attempt to make unacceptable feelings acceptable

ex) a child explains hitting another kid bc they took his toy

Question 6

fantasy

Answer 6

creation of mind to help deal w unacceptable fear

ex) weak hospitalized kid pretends to be superman

Question 7

unresolved conflict + unmet needs at certain stage leads to ____

Answer 7

fixation development at that stage

Question 8

Freudian stages [5]

Answer 8

Oral [birth-1yr]
Anal [1-3 yr]
Phallic [3-6]
Latency [6-12 yr]
Genital [12yr-adulthood]

Question 9

Oral Stage

Answer 9

please fr mouth
-sucking + eating

NURS: provide pacifier for bb who cant have oral feedings

Question 10

Anal Stage

Answer 10

primary force is control over secretions
NURS: ask toilet training + rituals + words for elimination. DONT START training during illness, accept regression during illness

Question 11

Phallic Stage

Answer 11

sexual energy is centered around genitalia as kid works out relationship w parents of same + opposite sexes

NURS: notice who kid feels for comfortable around male or female nurses, + try to accommodate, encourage parental involvmt

Question 12

Latency Stage

Answer 12

sexual energy is at rest in passage bw earlier stage + adolescence

NURS: provide gowns, covers, underweat. knock before entering. explain tx + procedures

Question 13

Genital Stage

Answer 13

mature sexuality is achieved as physical growth is completed + relationships with others occur

NURS: during hx taking, incl Q’s about significant friends during history taking, ensure access to gyno/teste care, provide info on sexuality, ensure privacy

Question 14

Erikson’s Stages [5/8]

Answer 14

1 Trust v Mistrust
2 Autonomy v Shame/Doubt
3 Initiative v Guilt
4 Industry v Inferiority
5 Identity v Role Confusion

Question 15

Trust v Mistrust

Answer 15

trust is fostered by..
-food
-clean clothing
-touch
-comfort
NURS: hold bb often, offer comfort, meet food + care needs, encourage parents be present

Question 16

Autonomy v Shame/Doubt

Answer 16

autonomy is fostered by

• control of bodily excretions
• directing motor activity + place
• consistent praise + encouragement
• criticism for expression of autonomy or lack of control like in toilet training lead to shame/doubt

NURS: allow self feeding, encourage to remove/put on clothes, brush, etc

Question 17

Initiative v Guilt

Answer 17

starts new activities + new ideas + interests

• explorative + busy + involved
• -should be encouraged
• opposite is constant criticism> guilt

NURS: offer to play w medical equipment to lessen anxiety, assess concerns thru their drawings, accept kid’s choice + feelings

Question 18

Industry v Inferiority

Answer 18

takes pride in accomplishment in sports, school, home, + community

NURS: encourage schoolwork , bring fave pastimes, help adjust to limitations on favorite activity

Question 19

Identity v Role Confusion

Answer 19

self, family, peers, community are all examined + redefined
-otherwise leads to confusion

NURS: separate recreation room for teens, health hx + exam w/o parents present, introduce to other teens w same proble,

Question 20

Piaget believes that the child’s view of the world is largely influenced by …

Answer 20

age + maturational ability

Question 21

according to Piaget, the child incorporates new experiences via ____, and changes to deal with these experiences via ____

Answer 21

assimilation; accommodation

ex) bb learns to such on objects that touch lips (assimilation). w more experiences, the bb accommodates to learn that not all objects are pleasant to suck on.

Question 22

Piaget’s Stages [4]

Answer 22

Sensorimotor
Pre-operational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational

Question 23

Sensorimotor [birth - 2 yr]

Answer 23

infants learn about the world by input obrained thru senses + by their motor activity

Question 24

6 Sensorimotor substages

Answer 24

1 use of reflexes [birth to 1 mo]
2 primary circular rxn [1-4 mo]
3 secondary circlr rxn [4-8 mo]
4 coordination of secondary schemes [8-12 mo]
5 tertiary circlr rxn [12-18 mo]
6 mental combinations [18-24 mo]