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Pediatrics > Alterations in Neuro 2 > Flashcards

Alterations in Neuro 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Bacterial Meningitis

A

inflammation of meninges
>causes cerebral edema + trigger SIADH
»»monitor UO + spec gravity

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2
Q

Bacterial Meningitis

findings in young infants

A 
bulging fontanelle (late finding)
opsthotonic position (head is hyperextended)
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3
Q

Bacterial Meningitis

findings in older children

A
  • petechiae that changes to purpura or large necrotic patches
  • nuchal rigidity
  • kernig sign
  • brudzinski sign
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4
Q

Kernig Sign

A

-sign of bact meningitis
-raise legs w knee flexed then extend legs at knee
»>resistance + pain is POSITIVE

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5
Q

Brudzinski Sign

A

flex head while in supine

|&raquo_space;>knees or hips flex involuntarily is POSITIVE

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6
Q

Bacterial Meningitis

definitive diagnostic

A

Lumbar puncture

  • incr WBC
  • incr protein
  • decr glucose
  • incr CSF pressure
  • cloudy
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7
Q

Bacterial Meningitis

complications

A
  • cerebral edema
  • siadh
  • disseminated intravascular coag
  • hearing loss (common)
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8
Q

Viral/Aseptic Meningitis

A

less severe

symptoms usually resolve spontaneously

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9
Q

do not give aspirin to children bc

A

Reyes syndrome

bad liver

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10
Q

Reyes syndrome

care + prognosis

A

supportive care
high mortality rate

dont give aspirin!!

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11
Q

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

A

rare in kids compared to adults

-paralysis fr feet up

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12
Q

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

signs of impending resp failure

A
  • difficulty swallowing

- bilateral facial nerve weakness

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13
Q

types of headaches

A

1 Migraine Headaches
2 Tension Headaches
3 Medication Overuse Headaches

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14
Q

Migraine Headaches

A

triggered by stress, foods w nitrates, glutamates, caffeine, tyramine, sale, menses, fatigue, hunger

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15
Q

Tension Headaches

A

asoc w stress r/t school, anxiety, fasting, inadeq sleep

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16
Q

Medication Overuse Headaches

A

w freq use (2-3x/wk) of NSAIDS, decongestants, opioids

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17
Q

Migraine

manifestations

A

pulsatile throbbing pain
-lasts hours to days
visual or motor aura

18
Q

Tension

manifestaions

A

feels like pressure or tightening instead of pulsing

19
Q

Rebound or Med Oversure Migraine

manifestations

A

bandlike over entire head

crushing

20
Q

Microcephaly

A

small brain w head circumference below 3rd percentile

-usually w intellectual diasbility

21
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

commonly assoc w myelomeningoceles

22
Q

Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus

A

impaired flow

*most common in kids

23
Q

hydrocephalus that is acquired after closure of sutures

A

no head enlargement

24
Q

Hydrocephalus

early signs

A

bulding fontanelle
irritability
lethargy

25
Q

Hydrocephalus

late signs

A

sunsetting eyes
apnea spells
shrill, high pitched cry

26
Q

Hydrocephalus

treatment

A

ventriculoperitoneal shunt system > moves blood fr ventricles to peritoneum
-often placed at 3-4 months of age

*freq measurement of head necessary
>may decr 1-2cm initially
-head growth should occur no sooner than 2-4 months
-often needs revision as they grow

27
Q

4 Types of Neural Tube Defects

A

1 Anencephaly
2 Encephalocele
3 Spina Bifida Occulta
4 Spina Bifida Cystica

28
Q

Anencephaly Neural Tube Defects

A

no development above brainstem

-fatal

29
Q

Encephalocele Neural Tube Defects

A

protrusion of meningeal tissue or brain thru a defect in skull

30
Q

Spina Bifida Occulta Neural Tube Defects

A

vertebral defect w vertebral arches fail to fuse

>spinal cord + meninges contained in vertebral canal are not present

31
Q

Spina Bifida Cystica Neural Tube Defects

A

vertebral arch defect w protrusion of meninges thru bony spine

32
Q

Types of Spina Bifida/Myelodysplasia

A

both are protrusion of meningeal sac w CSF
Meningocele> no abnormalities in spinal cord
Myelomeningocele> parts of spinal cord + nerves thru vertebral defect

33
Q

main risk factor of Spina Bifida/Myelodysplasia

A

folic acid deficiency

34
Q

Spina Bifida/Myelodysplasia

manifestations at THORACIC LEVEL

A
  • paralysis of legs

- weakness + sensory loss at trunk + lower body

35
Q

Spina Bifida/Myelodysplasia

manifestations at LUMBA LEVEL

A
  • varying levels of hip involvement

- may move knees + toes

36
Q

Spina Bifida/Myelodysplasia

manifestations at SACRAL LEVEL

A

mild weakness in ankles + toes

37
Q

Spina Bifida/Myelodysplasia commonly have what allergy

A

latex

38
Q

Spina Bifida/Myelodysplasia often have __ and may need ___

A

neurogenic bladder (intermittend catherization Q3-4 hr)

Mitrofanoff procedure

39
Q

Spina Bifida/Myelodysplasia

nursing mgmt

A

prone position w hips slightly flexed + legs abducted

40
Q

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

initial signs

A

excessive high pitched crying

41
Q

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

screening

A

meconium screening provides info on drug use by mom for last half of pregnancy

42
Q

why is breastmilk encouraged w Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

A

minimal amt of drugs can cross over into milk

Pediatrics (51 decks)

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