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Pediatrics > ATI 2 - Physical Assessment Findings > Flashcards

ATI 2 - Physical Assessment Findings Flashcards

1
Q

keep medical equipement…

A

out of sight

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2
Q

age group to ask whether they prefer if their caregivers stay in or leave during examination

A

school-age + adolescent

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3
Q

recommended temperature routes for birth-12mo

A

axillary

rectal if exact measurement is needed

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4
Q

expected temp + age group [6m, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13y]

A 
6m 99.5
1y 99.9
3y 99.0
5y  98.6
7y 98.2
9y 98.1
13y 97.9
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5
Q

recommended temperature routes for 1-7 yr

A
  • axillary
  • tympanic
  • oral (if cooperative)
  • rectal (if exact measure needed)
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6
Q

recommended temperature routes for older than 7yo

A
  • oral
  • axillary
  • tympanic
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7
Q

Pulse range [newborn, infant, toddler, preschool, school-age, adolescent]

A 
newborn 110-160
infant 90-160
toddler 80-140
preschool 70-120
school-age 60-110
adolescent 50-100
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8
Q

Respiration range [newborn, infant, toddler, preschool, school-age, adolescent]

A

newborn 30-60
infant/toddler 25-30
preschool/school-age 20-25
adolescent 16-20

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9
Q

expected muscle tone in 4 month old

A

erect head posture

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10
Q

it is expected that a child makes eye contact when addressed except in…

A

infants

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11
Q

expected general appearance

A
  • makes eye contact
  • erect head
  • follows simple commands
  • use speech, lang, + motor skills spontaneously
  • undistressed, clean, well kept
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12
Q

expected skin

A
  • temp warm or slightly cool
  • smooth, slightly dry
  • not oily
  • elastic skin turgor
  • lesions are NOT expected
  • symmetric skin folds
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13
Q

expected hair + scalp

A
  • evenly distribtd
  • smooth + strong
  • clean
  • not scaly
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14
Q

assess children approaching adolescence for…

A

presence of secondary hair growth

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15
Q

stringy, dull, brittle, dry hair is a sign of…

A

nutritional deficiencies

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16
Q

expected nails

A
  • pink nail bed
  • white at tips
  • smooth + firm
  • —flexible w infants
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17
Q

expected lymph nodes

A

nonpalpable

-can be small, palpable, nontender, mobile in children tho

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18
Q

expected head

A
  • symmetric

- fontanels should be flat

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19
Q

posterior fontanel closes at

A

8 wks

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20
Q

anterior fontanel closes at

A

12-18 months

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21
Q

expected neck

A

-short in infants

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22
Q

expected conjunctiva

A
  • palpebral fissures
  • conjunctiva is pink
  • bulbar conjunctiva is transparent
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23
Q

expected lacrimal apparatus

A

no excessive tearing, redness or discharge

24
Q

sclera should be ___ and cornea should be ___

A

white; clear

25
Q

permanent color manifests around…

A

6-12 months

26
Q

visual acuity is difficult to assess in…

A

children younger than 3yo

27
Q

how to assess visual acuity in infants

A

hold object in front of eyes and check if they can fix on object + follow it w eyes

28
Q

visual acuity tests for kids who cant read letters or numbers

A

use HOTV or tumbling E test

29
Q

peripheral visual fields

[upward, downward, nasally, temporally]

A

upward 50
downward 70
nasally 60
temporally 90

30
Q

expected extraocular mvmt

A
  • may not be symmetrc in newborns*
  • symmetric corneal reflex
  • cover/uncover test = equal mvmt
  • no nystagmus in 6 cardinal fields
31
Q

color vision test

A

ishihara color or hardy-rand-rittler test

32
Q

expected internal exam

A

-red reflex present in infants

33
Q

top of auricles should meet…

A

outer canthus of the eyes

34
Q

is cerumen an expected finding?

A

yes

35
Q

expected hearing findings [newborn, infant, older children]

A

newborn: intact acoustic blink reflex to sudden sounds
infants: turn towards sounds
older children: whisper test

36
Q

white coat on tongue on infants

A

normal: fr milk, easily removable

not norm: candidiasis, NOT removable

37
Q

infants should have 6-8 teeth by…

A

1 yr of age

38
Q

how many deciduous teeth? how many permanent teeth?

A

D: 20
P: 32

39
Q

expected tonsils

A

infants: might not be visible
children: barely visible to prominent

40
Q

chest shape

A

infants: circular; ant post= lateral
children: transverse to ant post is 2:1

41
Q

ribs in infants

A

more soft + flexible

-no protrusions or bulges

42
Q

expected thorax mvmt

A

no retraction

  • irregular rhythm in infants
  • 7 or younger, more ab mvmt during resp
43
Q

expected breath sounds

A

inspiration longer than expiration

44
Q

expected breast finding

A

enlarged in newborns in first few days

45
Q

in females, breasts typically develop….

A

bw 10-14 years

-should be asymmetric, have no masses

46
Q

infant + toddlers have ____ abdomens; children + adolescents have __ abdomens

A

rounded; flat

47
Q

the __ testicle hangs slightly lower than the ___

A

left lower than right

48
Q

expected spine in INFANTS

A
  • no dimples
  • no tufts of hair
  • midline
  • C-shaped lateral curve
49
Q

expected spine in TODDLERS

A

squat w short legs

-protuberant abs

50
Q

expected spine in PRESCHOOLERS

A

more erect than toddlers

51
Q

expected spine in SCHOOL AGED

A

developed cervical, thoracic, + lumbar curvature like that of adults

52
Q

expected spine in ADOLESCENTS

A

midline

-no scoliosis

53
Q

expected gait

A

toddlers + young children: bowlegged or locked knee is common
—-feet should face forward

older children + adolescents: steady gait
—even wear on sole of foot

54
Q

cerebellar function tests are for which age group?

A

children + adolescents

55
Q

types of cerebellar function tests

A
  • finger to nose
  • heel to shin
  • romberg

Pediatrics (51 decks)

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