Injuries to the Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
3 types of injuries
Strain
Sprain
Dislocation
Strain
stretching or tearing of either MUSCLE or TENDONS
-usually caused fr overuse
Strain manifestations
varies according to type
acute or chronic
Strain therapy
rest + support
-stop exacerbating activity
Sprain
stretching or tearing of a ligament
-usually caused by traumatic injury
Sprain manifestations
- edema
- joint immobility
- pain
Sprain therapy
RICE first 24-36hr
then gradually incr activity
RICE
rest
ice
compression
elevation
Dislocation
complete displacement of an articular joint surface
-usually caused by traumatic injury to shoulder, knee, or hip
Dislocation manifestations
- pain + tendernss
- swelling + deformity
- instability of joint
SHOULDER dislocation therapy
open or closed reduction
-then sling
KNEE dislocation therapy
closed reduction w traction
then splint
Complete/Transverse Fracture
break across entire section of a bone
bone is split into 2 or more fragments
Open Fracture
broken bone PROTRUDES thru skin
-high risk for infection
Greenstick Fracture
caused by compression force
-common in young kids
Spiral Fracture
assoc w twisting force
-fracture coils around bone
Closed Fracture
broken bone does not protrude thru skin
Comminuted Fracture
assoc w high impact force
bone breaks into 3 or more segments
Epiphyseal Fractures
- dangerous
- can cause growth disturbance
Fractures
nursing actions
- ABC
- assess neurovascular status of injured extremity
possible complication of fractures
compartment syndrome from splints + casts
fractures in kids are not a big deal bc…
bone healing + remodeling is faster in children
Compartment Syndrome
manifestations
5 P's 1 paresthesia 2 pain unrelieved by meds 3 pallor 4 paralysis 5 pulselessness
Fracture Cast Care
- use palms of hands during drying
- don’t stick anything inside
Traction
extended pulling force
Buck Traction
- for knee immobilization
- keeps leg extended w/o hip flexion
Buck Traction is applied…
to extremity in one direction (straight line) w SINGLE PULLEY SYSTEM
Russel Traction
-for femur + lower leg fractures
Russel Traction is applied..
on lower leg while knee is suspended in padded sling
-slightly flexed hips + knees are immobilized
Halo Traction
halo type bar that encircled head w screws
Halo Traction
education
ensure wrench is nearby to release rods readily in case CPR is needed
-move client as a unit w/o pressure to rods
