NUTRI - PROTEIN Flashcards
Are taken from the Greek word protos meaning
primary, ranking first, or occupying the first position.
The first substance is recognized as a vital part of a
living tissue. They are organic substances that upon
digestion, yields amino acids.
PROTEINS
Are taken from the Greek word protos meaning
primary, ranking first, or occupying the first position.
3 CLAS OF PROTEINS
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
DERIVED
Are those which yield only amino acids upon
hydrolysis.
SIMPLE P
soluble in water and coagulated by
heat
ALBUMINS
insoluble in water, soluble in a dilute
salt solution, and coagulated by heat. Important
source of protein in seed plants and is found in
minute amounts in cereals. Globulins found in
animal fluids are enzymes, antibodies, and
fibrous and contractile proteins usually
contained in the blood plasma.
GLOBULINS
- insoluble in neutral solvents but
soluble in weak acids and alkalis; they are
coagulated by heat. It is found in wheat and is
responsible for some of the refined baking
properties in bread wheat
GLUTELINS
soluble in 70% to 80% alcohol but
insoluble in absolute alcohol, water, and salt
solutions.
PROLAMINS
insoluble in all neutral solvents
and in dilute acids and alkalis
ALBUMINOIDS
- basic polypeptides
are soluble in water but not coagulated by heat;
they are found in the nuclei of cells.
HISTONES AND PROTAMINES
Conjugated proteins, or proteins are
combinations of simple proteins and some other
non-protein substance called a prosthetic group
attached to a molecule.
COMPOUND P
- are a
combination of a protein and large quantities of
complex polysaccharides such as Mucin found
in the secretion from gastric mucous
membranes.
MUCOPROTEINS AND GLYCOPROTEINS
- combinations of simple
proteins and nucleic acid. Deoxyribonucleic
nucleoproteins are necessary for the synthesis
of proteins in the cytoplasm.
NUCLEOPROTEINS
- are compounds of a protein and
a triglyceride or other lipids such as
phospholipids or cholesterol found in cell and
organelle membranes.
LIPOPROTEINS
are compounds of
phosphoric acid joined in ester linkage to a
protein found in casein of milk.
PHOSPHOPROTEINS
- are compounds of protein
and non-protein pigments found in flavoproteins,
hemoglobin, and cytochromes.
CHROMOPROTEINS
are compounds or metals
(Cu, Mg, Zn, and Fe) attached to proteins found
in ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin.
METALLOPROTEINS
are products formed in the various stages of
hydrolysis of a protein molecule.
DERIVED PROTEINS
has a chemical structure that combines both
acid and base (amino) factors. The structure
gives amino acids a unique buffering capacity.
This enables them to join one another to form
the characteristic chain structure of protein. The
amino group of one amino acid joins the acid
carboxyl group of another. This characteristic
chain structure of amino acids is called a peptide
linkage
AMINO ACID
Long chains of amino acids that are
linked in this manner are called
POLYPEPTIDES
3 CHEMICAL STAGES OF PROTEINS
AMINO ACID
ESSENTIAL AND NON-ESSENTIAL AA
COMPLETE AND INCOMPLETE PROTEINS
- a soluble protein formed in the early
stage of protein breakdown during digestion
PEPTONE
- any of various water-soluble compounds
that are produced during digestion by the hydrolytic
breakdown of proteins short of the amino acid stage.
PROTEOSE
3 DIGESTION OF PROTEINS
MOUTH, STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINES
are made up of amino acids, but
peptides contain far fewer amino acids than proteins.
Like proteins, peptides are naturally present in foods.
PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES
are chains of amino acids, which are
linked by peptide bonds.
POLYPEPTIDES
3 SOURCES OF PROTEIN
FISH, LEGUMES, BREADS
- a condition
resulting from an insufficiency of protein energy or
both in the diet. - Acute PEM occurs in children who are thin for
their height. Chronic PEM occurs in children who
are short for their age.
PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION
2 FORMS OF PEM
MARASMUS
KWASHIORKOR
Severe deprivation of food over a
long period of time characterized by insufficiency
of protein and energy intake.
MARASMUS
This condition reflects an abrupt
and recent deprivation of food which develops
rapidly as a consequence of protein deficiency
or an illness like measles
KWASHIORKOR
