NUTRI - PHYSIOLOGIC VALUE OF FOOD Flashcards
Refers to the solid and liquid materials taken into
the digestive tract that are utilized to maintain
and build body tissues, regulate body
processes, and supply heat, thereby sustaining
life.
FOOD
The chemical process of transforming food into
complex tissue elements and of transforming
complex body substances into simpler ones along
with the production of heat and energy.
METABOLISM
Greek word which means to
change or alter
METABOLISMOS
The force or power that enables the body to do its
work. In nutrition, it pertains to the chemical energy
locked in the foodstuffs brought about by
metabolism
ENERGY
the unit of energy commonly used in
human nutrition.
CALORIE
are not rated. They are byproducts or
carbohydrates, proteins and fats that are
oxidized in the body.
CALORIES
1000 SMALL CALORIES =
1 KILOCALORIE OR CALORIE
- Fuel factor of carbohydrates= __ cal per gram
4
- Fuel factor of fat = __ cal per gram
9
- Fuel factor of protein = __ cal per gram
4
a device used to measure the total
calorie content available from food.
BOMB CALORIMETER
the measure of energy in the metric
system.
JOULE
1 calorie (kilocalorie) = ______ joule (kilojoules)
4.184
BMR
BASAL METABOLIC RATE
- the measure of energy needed by the body
at rest for all its internal chemical activities;
approximately 1 cal per kilo of body weight per hour
for an adult. - It is the min. amount of energy needed by the
body at rest in the fasting state. - Also indicates the amount of energy needed to
suction the life processes: respiration, cellular
metabolism, circulation, glandular activity, and
the maintenance of body temp.
BASAL METABOLISM/REQUIRED ENERGY EXPENDITURE
The rate of basal metabolism in a given person at a
given time and situation.
BASAL METABOLIC RATE
REE
REQUIRED ENERGY EXPENDITURE
the metabolic rate is highest during the periods of
rapid growth, chiefly during the first and second years, and
reaches a lesser peak through the ages of puberty and
adolescence in both sexes.
AGE
8 FACTORS THAT AFFECT BMR
- SURFACE AREA
- SEX
- AGE
- BODY COMPOSITION
- STATE OF NUTRITION
- SLEEP
- ENDOCRINE GLANDS
- FEVER
use the rule of thumb
1 kcal per kg per hour for adult male
0.9 kcal per kg per hour for adult female
CALCULATION OF BMR
(1909), uses
information on weight, height, age and sex.
Harris-Benedict Formula (1909),
3 CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR BMR Test
- Fasting or post-absorptive state, at least 12
hours and no meal. - Must be awake, lying quietly, and free from
physical fatigue, nervousness, or tension - Environmental temp. should be between 20°𝐶 -
25°𝐶
- the greater the body surface or skin area,
the greater the amount of heat loss, and, in turn, the
greater the necessary heat produced by the body. Muscle
tissue requires more oxygen than adipose tissue.
SURFACE AREA
secrete hormones into the
bloodstream, are the principal regulators of the metabolic
rate.
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
2 COMPUTATION OF DBW
- ADOR DIONISIO’S METHOD
- TANNHAUSER’S METHOD
women, in general, have metabolism about 5% to
10% less than that of men even when they are the same
weight and height.
SEX
a large proportion of inactive
adipose tissue lowers the BMR.
BODY COMPOSITION
a decrease in the mass of active
tissue such as in the case of undernourishment or
starvation causes a lowered metabolism often as much as
50% below normal.
STATE OF NUTRITION
PHYSIOLOGICAL FUEL VALUES
CARBS
PRO
LIP
KCAL/G
4
4
9
FORMULA FOR BMR
HARRIS-BENEDICT FORMULA
- metabolic rate falls approximately to 15% below
that of waking levels.
SLEEP
- it increases the BMR about 7% for each degree
rise in the body temp. about 98.6℉
FEVER
DBW
DESIRABLE BODY WEIGHT
DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL ENERGY ALLOWANCE
CARBS
PRO
LIP
%
50-70
10-15
20-30
