NCD Flashcards
Diseases that are not spread through infection or from person to person.
Usually caused by unhealthy behaviors.
Leading cause of death worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
Develop slowly, may not show symptoms at first, and affect multiple organs.
NCD
4 MAJOR NCD
- CVD
- DIABETES MELLITUS
- CANCER
- CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
NCDs are largely caused by four major behavioral risk factors:
- TOBACCO USE
- UNHEALTHY DIET
- LACK OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
- ALCOHOL USE
Public health nurses help prevent and manage NCDs by:
Health Education – Teaching the community about disease prevention and healthy habits.
Developing Programs – Creating community interventions to reduce NCD risk factors.
Supervising Health Campaigns – Organizing health screenings, vaccination programs, and lifestyle interventions.
Advancing Public Health – Using their knowledge to support policy changes and improve healthcare services.
Teaching the community about disease prevention and healthy habits.
HEALTH EDUCATION
Creating community interventions to reduce NCD risk factors.
DEVELOPING PROGRAMS
is an illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins, which can be transmitted directly or indirectly to a well person.
CD
NOT easily transmitted from person to person; require inoculation (e.g., tetanus, malaria, dengue, rabies, filariasis).
INFECTIOUS D
Organizing health screenings, vaccination programs, and lifestyle interventions.
SUPERVISING HEALTH CAMPAIGNS
Using their knowledge to support policy changes and improve healthcare services.
ADVANCING PUBLIC HEALTH
2 TYPES OF CD
INFECTIOUS D
CONTAGIOUS D
COMMON ENDEMIC
MALARIA, FILARIASIS, Schistosomiasis
entrance of microorganisms through bites, punctures, open wounds.
INOCULATION
The study of disease patterns, occurrence, distribution, and control.
Epidemiology of Communicable Diseases
Easily spread through droplet, direct, or indirect contact (e.g., tuberculosis, diphtheria, measles, chickenpox, meningococcemia).
CONTAGIOUS D
Occasional cases, 20% susceptible, 80% immune.
SPORADIC
Constantly present in a locality, 50% immune, 50% susceptible.
ENDEMIC
Cases exceed the normal rate in a short period; 80% susceptible, 20% immune.
EPIDEMIC
Worldwide epidemic (e.g., AIDS, SARS, Bird Flu).
PANDEMIC
Triad of Disease Causation (Epidemiologic Triad by Leavell & Clark)
AGENT
ENVIRONMENT
HOST
Medium for agent survival & multiplication.
ENVIRONMENT
(Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, parasites)
AGENT
Strength to cause disease (shorter incubation = more virulent).
VIRULENCE
Ability to enter the body and spread.
INFECTIVITY
Ability to stimulate an immune response.
ANTIGENICITY
Ability to cause infection/disease.
PATHOGENICITY
Organism where the agent gets nourishment.
HOST
Common Communicable Diseases Tracked by the CDC
✅ COVID-19
✅ Hepatitis
✅ HIV/AIDS
✅ Influenza
✅ Measles
✅ Pertussis
✅ Rabies
✅ Tuberculosis
Carriers, sub-clinically ill, clinically ill.
HUMANS
MODES OF TRANSMISSION
- CONTACT TRANS
- VEHICLE TRANS
- AIRBORNE T
- VECTOR-BORNE TRANS
all physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychosocial factors external to a person that can impact health.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Intermediate hosts (e.g., snails in schistosomiasis).
ANIMALS
as ensuring human health conditions and providing healthy environments for living, working, and playing.
WHO 2018 ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
The promotion of hygiene and prevention of diseases related to environmental factors.
ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION
any natural or man-made occurrence that:
DISASTER
Causes damage to infrastructure & assets
Results in loss of lives & ecological disruption
Creates human needs beyond the community’s ability to cope
Requires external assistance for response & recovery
DISASTER
Actions taken in the pre-disaster phase to minimize risks & impacts.
DRRM
5 Components of DRRM
Risk Prevention – Avoiding risks or reducing their probability.
Mitigation – Reducing loss of life & property by lessening disaster impact.
Preparedness – Strengthening response capability before disasters occur.
Response – Immediate actions before, during, or after a disaster.
Recovery & Rehabilitation – Restoring affected communities to normal or better conditions.
role of nurses in disaster management
building community resilience
purpose of disaster planning
4 pillars of family planning
- responsible parenthood
- child spacing
- respect for life
- informed choice
