MATERNAL - FINAL NA FINAL NA Flashcards
An increase in physical size or dimensions.
GROWTH
process of change and growth in skills, abilities, and behaviors.
DEVELOPMENT
Specific skills or abilities that most children achieve by a certain age.
DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES
A task that arises at or about a certain period in life, the successful achievement of which leads to happiness and success with later tasks, while failure leads to unhappiness, disapproval by society, and difficulty with later tasks.
DEVELOPMENTAL TASK (HAVIGHURST)
An individual’s characteristic style of reacting to the environment.
TEMPERAMENT
The process of physical growth and development primarily influenced by genetics
MATURATION
Engaging in imaginative play where children take on different roles.
ROLE FANTASY
Refers to the development of mental processes such as thinking, reasoning, problem-solving, and memory.
THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
PIAGET’S STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
- SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
- PREOPERATIONAL STAGE
- CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE
- FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE
Infants learn about the world through their senses and motor actions.
SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
BIRTH - 2 Y/O
Key achievements in SENSORI include:
OBJECT PERMANENCE
SCHEMAS
ASSIMILATION
ACCOMODATION
CENTERING
The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight.
Object Permanence
Mental frameworks or concepts that organize and interpret information.
SCHEMAS
Fitting new information into existing schemas.
ASSIMILATION
Modifying existing schemas to fit new information.
ACCOMODATION
Focusing on only one aspect of a situation at a time.
CENTERING
Cognitive development progresses with CONSERVATION AND REVERSIBILITY
PREOPERATIONAL STAGE (2-7 Y/O)
Understanding that the quantity of a substance remains the same even when its appearance changes (e.g., liquid in different shaped glasses).
CONSERVATION
Understanding that actions can be reversed (e.g., water can be poured back into the original glass).
REVERSIBILITY
Children develop logical thinking but struggle with abstract concepts.
CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE
CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE
7-11 YO
Abstract thought develops, allowing the ability to think about concepts and ideas that are not concrete or tangible.
FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE
ERIK ERIKSON 6 STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
- TRUST VS MISTRUST
- AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND DOUBT
- INITIATIVE VS GUILT
- INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY
- IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION
- INTIMACY VS ISOLATION
FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE
ADOLESCENCE AND BEYOND
Focuses on the social and emotional development of individuals across the lifespan, emphasizing the impact of social interactions and relationships. Each stage presents a specific conflict or crisis that must be resolved.
ERIK ERIKSON’S THEORY OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
INFANTS LEARN TO TRUST THEIR CAREGIVERS TO MEET THEIR BASIC NEEDS
TRUST VS MISTRUST
CHILDREN BEGIN TO TAKE INITIATIVE AND EXPLORE THEIR ENVIRONMENT
INITIATIVE VS GUILT
CHILDREN BEGINS TO ASSERT THEIR INDEPENDENCE
AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND DOUBT
Young adults focus on forming intimate relationships.
INTIMACY VR ISOLATION
CHIDLREN FOCUSES ON DEVELOPING COMPETENCE AND SKILLS
INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY
is crucial for growth and plays a major role in the body’s essential functions. It is a key component of bones, skin, hair, and muscle.
PROTEIN
ADOLESCENTS EXLORE DIFFERENT ROLES AND IDENTITIES
IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION
intake is especially important for children due to its role in growth and development.
COMPLETE PROTEIN
Lack one or more essential amino acids, but combining two types (e.g., pasta and beans) can provide all the necessary amino acids to form complete proteins.
INCOMPLETE PROTEIN
are the main and preferred fuel source for the body, especially for energy supply. They are vital for the functioning of body systems, particularly the neurological system.
CARBOHYDRATES
2 TYPES OF CARBS
SUGAR AND STARCH
Essential for brain development as brain cells are growing rapidly during these years.
CARBS FOR INFANTS AND TODDLERS
Provides an immediate, short-term source of energy.
SUGAR
serves as a secondary source of energy for the body. It can be used immediately for energy or stored for later use.
FAT
Provide sustained energy for longer periods.
STARCHES
If not used right away, ____is stored and released when the body requires energy.
FAT
acts as insulation for subcutaneous tissues and is necessary for nerve fiber myelination, especially in infants.
FAT
