(A) NURSING PROCESS - PHARMA Flashcards
It’s used by nurses for the appropriate delivery
of patient care and drug administration.
➢ The nurse has supporting role to administer
proper care/medication administration.
➢ Nurses have many important tasks, yet drug
administration is the number one priority, about
40% of the nurse’s time is spent administering
medication
➢ drug administration (top of the list)
NURSING PROCESS IN PHARMACOLOGY
NURSING PROCESS
ASSESSMENT
DIAGNOSIS
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
EVALUATION
ASSESSMENT
COLLECTION
DIAGNOSIS
ANALYSING COLLECTED DATA
PLANNING
GENERATE SOLUTION/PLAN
IMPLEMENTATION
TAKING ACTIONS/IMPLEMENT PLAN
EVALUATION
ASSESSING OUTCOMES
PATIENT PROBLEM
DIAGNOSIS
Holistic view rather than disease model
➢ Include preventive, primary, acute and chronic
health care among all ill patients
➢ Organizing patient’s HEALTH PROBLEM
➢ Then taking necessary actions by using the
nursing process
CONCEPT
Gathers info (subjective and objective data)
➢ Nurse perform complete systemic assessment,
adding on query related to illness and drug
regimen
➢ Info can be from patients, relative, health
provider and medical records
ASSESSMENT
Provided verbally by patients or thru fam
members, friends and other sources
➢ Nurse can ask open ended questions
▪ Current health hx/fam hx
▪ Symptoms or even signs he/she
experienced
▪ Discussion of his health concern,
medications/SE, OTC remedies used,
nutritional supplements, herbal medicines,
contraception
* Attitude and beliefs about taking Rx
* Allergies
* Financial barriers
* Tobacco use, alcohol/caffeine
* Caregiver and support system
(compliance/SE monitoring/notifiers)
SUBJECTIVE
➢ What nurses directly observe from the
consultation period
➢ Collecting data from personal senses (hearing,
seeing, smell, touch)
➢ Provide additional information about the
symptom
▪ Target organ most likely to be affected
▪ PE, VS, Patient’s body language
➢ Correlation with laboratory work-ups reviewed
OBJECTIVE
➢ Based on analysis of the assessment
➢ Determines the type of care the patient shall
receive
➢ Nurse formulates the patient problem which
will guide on the development of plan of care
➢ Ex: of common patient problem related to drug
therapy:
▪ abdominal pain
▪ Vivid dreams\confusion
▪ Decrease adherence
▪ Hesitancy
PATIENT PROBLEM
➢ Data are used to set goals and plans
➢ Goals: patient centered, realistic, specific, with time
frames, measurable for achievement and
reevaluation
➢ Development of nursing intervention that will be
both acceptable to patient and nurse
➢ Ex:
▪ the patient will independently administer the
prescribed doses per day of insulin after 4th
session of instruction
▪ The patient will prepare medication recording
sheet after second session of instruction
PLANNING
➢ Part of nursing process, where nurses provide
EDUCATION, DRUG ADMINISTRATION,
PATIENT CARE AND OTHER INTERVENTION
necessary to assist the patient in accomplishing the
establish medication goal
➢ Nurse’s role: administering medications and
monitoring its effectiveness
IMPLEMENTATION
➢ Patient teaching/when to learn/where to learn, is it
conducive (comfortable and quiet)
➢ ▪ Know obstacles:
▪ pain must first be relieved,
▪ Language barrier
▪ Age (young or elderly)
➢ Patient teaching is very important to patient’s
recovery (both parents and relatives or caregivers)
*side effects
➢ General information shall be provided on how to
take the drug
▪ Written information or instruction shall be
provided (Patient teaching card)
* Name of drug
* Reason for taking the Rx
* Time sched when to take the medicines
* Possible side effects/adverse events
* Notification of HCP if side effects
occur
* Health care provider’s telephone
number
* Warning information (pregnant, not to
take with alcohol)
NURSE RESPONSIBILITIES
➢ Give instructions on what SE will be expected
➢ what will help minimize it
➢ Eg: change in the color of urine/stool, counsel on
dizziness after intake, orthostatic hypotension etc
SIDE EFFECTS
➢ Perform assessment of patient’s motor skills and
abilities so as to provide modifications that will be
necessary which will be added in the teaching plan
➢ ROUTE
➢ Use of drug cards
SELF ADMINISTRATION
➢ Advise on food to include and to avoid
➢ Many foods interact with certain medications
▪ Can decrease drug absorption, increase risk
of toxicity or create other problems
DIET
OTHER IMPORTANT NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: DECS
➢ Drug allergies
➢ Expiration
➢ Cultural beliefs/ religious
➢ Additional:
▪ Flexibility of timing schedule (WORK
SCHEDULE ETC)
▪ Use of pill box if with multiple drugs or
recording sheet
▪ Evaluation of understanding re: regimen in
a regular basis
▪ Empower patients re responsibility to take
their pill
▪ ID patients with risk of noncompliance
➢ Determine if whether goals has been met through
improvement of complaint and evaluation of
objective data
EVALUATION
PROCESS OF BRINGING A NEW
PHARMACEUTICAL DRUG TO THE MARKET
DRUG DEVELOPMENT
DRUG DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
BASIC RESEARCH
PRE-CLINICAL
CLINICAL STUDIES (3 PHASES)
APPROVAL
POST-CLINICAL
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
FDA AND BFAD
