(H) VITAMINS - PHARMA Flashcards
2 TYPES OF VITAMINS
- FAT-SOLUBLE V
- WATER-SOLUBLE V
: Important for vision, skin health, and
immune function. Found in liver, dairy, and
orange vegetables. Deficiency may cause night
blindness and growth issues.
VIT A
Acts as an antioxidant, protecting
cells from damage. Found in nuts, seeds, and
vegetable oils. Deficiency is rare but may cause
neurological problems.
VIT E
(Stored in the body; risk of
toxicity if over-consumed):
FAT-SOLUBLE V
: Aids calcium absorption and bone
health. Found in sunlight exposure, fish oil, and
fortified foods. Deficiency can lead to rickets or
osteoporosis.
VITAMIN D
Crucial for blood clotting. Found in
green leafy vegetables and fermented foods.
Deficiency can lead to bleeding disorders.
VITAMIN K
(Not stored; excess
excreted in urine):
WATER-SOLUBLE V
Supports collagen
synthesis, immune health, and iron absorption.
Found in citrus fruits and green vegetables.
Deficiency leads to scurvy
VIT C (ASCORBIC ACID)
3 B VITAMINS
B1 (THIAMINE)
B9 (FOLIC ACID)
B12 (COBALAMIN)
Essential for carbohydrate
metabolism. Found in whole grains and pork.
Deficiency causes beriberi
B1 (THIAMINE)
Vital for DNA synthesis and
preventing neural tube defects. Found in green
leafy vegetables and legumes. Deficiency
causes anemia.
B9 (FOLIC ACID)
: Necessary for nerve function
and red blood cell production. Found in animal
products. Deficiency causes pernicious anemia.
B12 (COBALAMIN)
NEEDED IN LARGER AMOUNTS
MACROMINERALS
Supports bone and dental health.
Found in dairy, fortified foods, and leafy greens.
Deficiency causes osteoporosis.
CALCIUM
3 MACROMINERALS
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM
POTASSIUM
: Involved in over 300 enzymatic
reactions. Found in nuts, seeds, and whole
grains. Deficiency can lead to muscle cramps
and weakness.
MAGNESIUM
Essential for nerve and muscle
function. Found in bananas, potatoes, and
beans. Deficiency may cause heart arrhythmias.
POTASSIUM
NEEDED IN SMALLER AMOUNTS
TRACE MINERALS
3 TRACE MINERALS
IRON
ZINC
IODINE
Critical for oxygen transport in blood.
Found in meat, beans, and fortified cereals.
Deficiency causes anemia; excess can damage
organs.
IRON
Supports immune function and wound
healing. Found in meat, nuts, and dairy.
Deficiency causes growth retardation and
delayed healing.
ZINC
Vital for thyroid function. Found in
iodized salt and seafood. Deficiency leads to
goiter and developmental issues.
IODINE
