1. Art is Universal 2. Art is Cultural 3. Art is Experience

1. Art as Representation: Mimesis 2. Art as Expression of Emotional Content 3. Art as Form

AA MIDTERMS Flashcards by Celine Grace Castaneda

an expression of our thoughts, emotions, institutions
and desires, but it is even more personal than that; sharing
the way we experience the world, which is an extension of
personality. - it is a way of grasping the world.

ART

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Plato said, it’s an imitation of imitation. Aristotle said, “Art is a reflection or a mirror of reality.”

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WHAT DOES ART DO?

It provokes an emotional response

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NATURE OF ART

 Seek to communicate beauty or ugly subjects
 It is realm of pure emotion
 It has an intention of giving it
 It is a work capable of satisfying the aesthetic interest

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IMPORTANCE OF ART

a. Timeless “preserved to be appreciated”
b. Art imitates Life and Reality “areas where human values
and a person’s creativity are celebrated”
c. Intrinsic Worth “spiritual value”

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IMPORTANCE OF ART

a. Timeless “preserved to be appreciated” b. Art imitates Life and Reality “areas where human values
and a person’s creativity are celebrated” c. Intrinsic Worth “spiritual value”

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LOURDES SANCHEZ ENUMERATES ART AS:

a. Aesthetic Values
b. Didactic Value - effective means to show what is moral. c. Historical Value
d. Socio-Political Value
e. Religious Value - increase awareness of man’s relationship
to God
f. Scientific Value
g. Commercial Value
h. Pragmatic Value
i. Therapeutic Value
j. Personal Value
“Art can lead to self discovery, self-development and
self-expression”

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ASSUMPTIONS OF ART

Art is Universal
Art is Cultural
Art is Experience

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“art” related to the Latin word “ars” meaning arts, skillsorcraft

ETHYMOLOGY

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the 1
st known use of word comes from13th
-centurymanuscripts.

ART

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2 Subtexts:

2 Subtexts:
 The essential nature of art
 Social importance

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3 CATEGORIES

Art as Representation: Mimesis
Art as Expression of Emotional Content
Art as Form

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imitation or representation of reality
Greek word “mimēsis”, meaning “imitation” or “emulation”,the concept has been central to discussions of artandaesthetic since ancient times

MIMESIS

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 Art as an _________________________________ centersonthe idea that art is a means of communicatingemotions,ideas, and inner experiences.  This concept became especially prominent inthe19thand 20
th centuries, with Romanticism, Expressionism,and Abstract Expressionismmarking key movementsthat emphasized personal and emotional content

ART AS EXPRESSION OF EMOTIONAL CONTENT

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 The idea that the essence of art lies initsformalqualities—such as composition, color, line, shape,texture, and space—rather than in its representationofreality or emotional content.  The concept of “Art as Form” is closely tiedtoformalisttheories, particularly in the 20th century, asartists
began to explore pure abstraction and art movements
emerged that focused solely on the aesthetic qualities
of form.

ART AS FORM

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 Western Culture from the 11
th
to 17
th century
 Encompasses an extraordinary range of movements and
innovations that reflect major societal, religious, and
intellectual shifts of the period.

HISTORY OF ART

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primarily religious, is known for its bold, expressive forms
and monumental architecture. It was influenced by Byzantine
art and early Christian traditions.

ROMANESQUE ART

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Emerging in France, the ____ style aimed to inspire
spirituality through light-filled, soaring architecture. Art
became more naturalistic and detailed, aiming to bring
narratives and figures to life.

GOTHIC ART

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Rooted in the revival of Classical Greco-Roman ideals, the
Renaissance celebrated humanism, scientific inquiry, and
individualism

RENAISSANCE ART

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In Italy, the Renaissance began with
artists like Giotto and developed through masters such as
Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. They
mastered techniques like linear perspective, chiaroscuro
(light and shadow), and sfumato (soft blending).

ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

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 This was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement
that reacted against the order, reason, and formalism of
the Enlightenment and Neoclassicism
 Emphasizing emotion, individual experience,
imagination, and the sublime aspects of nature, Romanticism placed a premium on personal expression
and the spiritual, often with an interest in the
mysterious, the exotic, and the heroic`

ROMANTIC PERIOD OF 18TH CENTURY

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describes artists, movements, and ideas that pushtheboundaries of traditional art, often challenging social normsand established aesthetics

AVANT GART MOVEMENT

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“Art evokes the mystery without which the worldnot exist.”- Rene Magritte
“Art is a discovery and development of elementaryprinciplesof nature into beautiful forms suitable for humanuse.”- Franklin Lloyd Wright “All art is but imitation of nature.” – Lucius AnnaeusSeneca“Art is not what you see, but what you make others see.”- Edgar Degas “Art is the signature of civilizations.”- Jean Sibelius

QUOTES
“Art evokes the mystery without which the worldnot exist.”- Rene Magritte
“Art is a discovery and development of elementaryprinciplesof nature into beautiful forms suitable for humanuse.”- Franklin Lloyd Wright “All art is but imitation of nature.” – Lucius AnnaeusSeneca“Art is not what you see, but what you make others see.”- Edgar Degas “Art is the signature of civilizations.”- Jean Sibelius

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Tell what you see (the visual facts)

Our minds naturally take notice of
the general information that is
present.

DESCRIPTION

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In this step consider the most significant art principles that were used in the artwork. Describe how the artist used them to organize the elements.

ANALYSIS

seeks to explain the meaning of the work based on what you have learned so far about the artwork, what do you think the artist was trying to say?

INTERPRETATION

This is your personal evaluation based on the understandings of the works(s).

JUDGEMENT

thick, thin, curved, straight, zigzag

LINES

7 ELEMENTS OF ART (LCSFVST)

 LINES - thick, thin, curved, straight, zigzag  COLORS - is created when light is reflected into the viewer’s eye.  SHAPE - gepmentric, organic  FORM - encloses volume i.e. height, width as wellas depth.  VALUE - how light or dark something is.  SPACE - is what lies between, around or within an object. ex: overlapping, placement, size  TEXTURE - the way an objectfeels to the touch.

is created when light is reflected into the viewer’s eye.

COLORS

encloses volume i.e. height, width as wellas depth.

FORM

gepmentric, organic

SHAPE

the way an objectfeels to the touch.

TEXTURE

is what lies between, around or within an object. ex: overlapping, placement, size

SPACE

how light or dark something is.

VALUE

- it’s a form of human expression that encompasses a wide range or creative activities, ideas, and emotions

ART

- is the manifestation of creativity and imagination, often with the intent of evoking a response, be it emotional, intellectual, or aesthetic, from the viewer or audience.

ART

artists usetheirworkto communicate whether about personal personalexperiences, societal issues

COMMUNICATION AND EXPRESSION

Art is often created to be appreciated for its beauty or emotional power.

AESTHETIC BEAUTY

- art reflects the cultural, social andpolitical contexts of the time

CULTURAL REFLECTION

- art oftenchallengesboundaries and explores newideas or techniques,pushing creative and intellectual limits

INNOVATION AND EXPLORATION

creatingorexperiencing art is a deeply personal, meditative, ortherapeutic activity that provides meaning,self-reflection, or healing

THERAPEUTIC AND PERSONAL FULFILLMENT

someone who engages in the creationof art, whichcan encompass a wide range of mediums andexpressions,such as painting, sculpture, music, dance, writing, film, andmore.

ARTIST

is a skilled craftsperson who creates handmade,high-quality goods using traditional methods. Unlikemass-produced items, artisan products are oftenuniqueandmade in small quantities, reflecting theartisan'scraftsmanship and attention to detail. - Artisans typically specialize in a particular craft: pottery,woodworking, textiles, jewelry making, metalworking,leatherworking

ARTISAN

- in almost all art forms － paintings, sculpture, photography, music, literature, theater, or dance －there is a subject matter that serves as the foundation of the creation of the work of art. - The subject matter is the most obvious aspect of an art work. - It is what the work of art depicts or represents. - It may be a person, an object, a scene, or an event. - The subject matter provides the answer tothequestion:What is the work of art all about?

SUBJECT MATTER

 The subject matter is the literal, visible imageinaworkwhile content includes the connotative, symbolic, andsuggestive aspects of the image.  The subject matter is the subject of the artwork, e.g.,still life, portrait, landscape, etc. while content isnotsubject or things in the work of art but it isthecommunication of ideas, feelings andreactionsconnected with the subject.  When we look at an art work its content iswhatissensed rather that what can be analyzed. It istheultimate reason for creating art

SUBJECT MATTER VS CONTENT

aims to represent actual objects or subjects fromreality.  They are artworks which are based on images whichcanbe found in the objective world, or at least intheartist’simagination; images which can perhaps benamedorrecognized.  Subcategories under representational art include,Realism, Impressionism, Idealismand Stylization.  All of these forms of representational artspresentactual subjects from reality, they still fall underthecategory of representation.  It is perhaps the oldest of the three types of art  It is also the easiest to identify fromaviewer’sperspective.

REPRESENTATIONAL/FIGURATIVE ART

 Essentially, the artwork does not represent or depictaperson, place, or thing in the natural world.  Usually, the content of the work is its color, shapes,brushstrokes, size, scale, and in some cases its process. The clear difference lies in the subject matter chosen.  If the artist begins with a subject fromreality, theartwork is considered to be abstract.  If the artist is creating with no reference to reality, then the work is considered to be non-objective.

NON-REPRESENTATIONAL/NON-OBJECTIVE ART

3 FUNCTIONS OF ART

PHYSICAL SOCIAL PERSONAL

refers to the direct and practical usefulness of the arts. - Architecture is directly and almost entirely functional because buildings and other structures are always built for some special purpose

FUNCTION

- art are most easily dealt with. - Works of art that are created to perform some service have physical functions. Ex. Architecture, Craftworks, and Industrial designs.  Architectural Art - Murals, mosaics, stained glass windows, and relief sculptures integrated into buildings  Ceremonial and Religious Objects - This includes altars, statues, ritual masks, and sacred vessels, each designed with specific materials  Functional Objects with artistic Design - Example: The Ming Dynasty porcelain vases from China serve as vessels but are also elaborately decorated, embodying artistic skill and cultural aesthetics

PHYSICAL FUNCTION

n it address aspects of collective life, as opposed to one person’s point of view or experience. Ex. Political Art - Preservation of Cultural Heritage-serves as a cultural repository, preserving traditions, beliefs, and stories for future generations - Communication of Shared Values and Beliefs- Example: Indigenous art, like Australian Aboriginal paintings, often uses symbols and patterns to convey stories of creation and ancestral spirits

SOCIAL FUNCTIONS

8 PRINCIPLES OF ART RBEP GHVM

RHYTHM BALANCE EMPHASIS PROPORTION GRADATION HARMONY VARIETY MOVEMENT

are the most difficulttoexplain in any great detail. There are many of them, andtheyvary from person to person. - An artist may create out of a need for self-expression, orgratification. - She/He might have wanted to communicateathoughtorpoint to the viewer . - Perhaps the artist was trying to provide anaestheticexperience, both for self and viewers.  Self-Expression  Meditation and Reflection  Personal Growth and Learning  Coping Mechanism and Healing

PERSONAL FUNCTIONS

A principle of design that indicates movement,created by the careful placement of repeatedelementsinawork of art to cause a visual tempo or beat

RHYTHM

A way of combining elements toaddafeelingof equilibrium or stability to a work of art. Majortypesare symmetrical and asymmetrical.

BALANCE

- a way of combining elements tostressthedifferences between those elements.

EMPHASIS

a principles of design that referstotherelationship of certain elements to the wholeandtoeachother.

PROPORTION

- a way of combining elements byusingaseries of gradual changes in those elements. (largeshapestosmall shapes, dark hue to light hue, etc.)

GRADATION

- a principle of design concerned with diversity or contrast. ________ is achieved by using different shapes, sizes, and/or colors in a work of art

VARIETY

- a way of combining similar elementsinanartwork to accent their similarities (achieved throughuseofrepitition and subtle gradual changes)

HARMONY

- a principle of design used to create the look and feeling of action and to guide the viewer’s eye throughout the work of art.

MOVEMENT

an element of art defined by a point moving in space. ____ may be two- or three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract.

LINE

- is two-dimensional, flat, or limted to height and width.

SHAPE

is three-dimensional and encloses volume; includes height, width AND depth (as in a cube, sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). _____ may also be free flowing

FORM

- The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway between these extremes is called middle gray.

VALUE

- by which positive and negative areas are defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art.

SPACE

- An element of art made up of three properties: hue, value, and intensity. * Hue: name of color * Value: hue’s lightness and darkness (a color’s value changes when white or black is added) * Intensity: quality of brightness and purity (high intensity = color is strong and bright; low intensity = color is faint and dull)

COLOR

- refers to the materials which are used by the artist to create works of art to interpret his feelings or thoughts.

MEDIUM

- is the manner in which the artist controls themediumtoachieve the desired effect. - it is the ability with which the artist fulfills thetechnicalrequirements of his particular work of art. - the way he manipulates his mediumto express hisideasinthe artwork.

TECHNIQUE

- Medium denotes the means by which an artist communicates his idea. - The plural of medium us media - Without a medium, there is no art. - Many materials have been used in creating different works of art thus, the medium is very essential in the arts. - The artist thinks, feels, and gives shape to his visionintermsof his medium. - When an artist chooses his medium, he believes hecanbestexpress the idea he wants to convey. - The distinctive character of the mediumdeterminesthewayit can be worked on and turned into a work of art. - The medium an artist chooses for a givenworkhasanimportant bearing on how is going to look, andnot all medialend themselves to the same expressive ends.

use a variety of materialstocreate their art. These include: hand materials, soundand light

SCULPTURE

media refers to both the typeof paintusedand the base or ground to which it is applied.  A paint’s medium refers to what carries apaint’spigments, and is also called a “vehicle” or a“base”. A painter can mix a mediumwithsolvents,pigments, and other substances in order tomakepaint and control consistency.

PAINTING

The most recognizableandmostpopular sculpture has been created with hardmaterials.- Also the oldest form of sculpture. - Statues kinetic sculpture, and environmental sculptureare all examples of sculptures that use hardmaterialsas a medium.

HAND MATERIALS

Some experimental artists create _______ sculptures, meaning the three dimensional structuresalso produce sounds. - Some famous artist who are known for theirsoundsculptures are Alexander Calder, Hugh Davies, andNigelHelyer - Sound sculpture differ from musical instruments in that they are not manipulated by a human player to make a sound; - They simply make a sound on their own due to their design. - This medium that make this type of sculpture unique is the element of music.

SOUND

- Some ______ sculptures produce light due to the hard materials in a sculpture while others are nothing but light. - The most famous light sculptors are Olafur Eliasson and Dan Flavin (the creator of light sculptures made) - Apart form naturally occurring materials, many mad-made products are in use, some more and some less synthetic. - A man-made material is a material that is manufactured through human effort often using natural raw materials.

LIGHT

1. Interior Design 2. Abstract 3. Immanuel Kant 4. GAMABA 5. Description 6. Technique 7. Architecture 8. Landscape 9. Subject 10. Paint Media 11. Personal Feelings 12.Collage 13. Welding 14. Social Function 15. Artisan 16. Interpretation 17. Sculpture 18. Valued Places 19. Emotions 20. Gawad Sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Award 21.Opera 22. Latin Function 23.Functions 24.Mimesis 25.Principles of Art 26. Media 27. Abstract 28. Functional Art 29. Representational Art 30. Medium 31- 45 B, A, B, D, C, A, B, B, A, A, C, B, C, B, B.