(E) ANTINEOPLASTIC - PHARMA

Question 1

drugs used to treat cancer by inhibiting tumor growth
or killing cancer cells. They target rapidly dividing
cells, including cancerous and some normal cells,
causing side effects like hair loss and bone marrow
suppression.

Answer 1

ANTINEOPLASTICS AGENTS

Question 2

6 CLASSIFICATION OF ANTINEOPLASTIC DRUGS
AAAPHT

Answer 2

1. ALKYLATING AGENTS
2. ANTIMETABOLITES
3. ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTICS
4. PLANT ALKALOIDS
5. HORMONAL AGENTS
6. TARGETED THERAPY

Question 3

➔ Action: Cause DNA damage by cross-linking
DNA strands.
➔ Examples: Cyclophosphamide, Cisplatin.
➔ Side Effects: Bone marrow suppression,
nephrotoxicity, nausea.

Answer 3

ALKYLATING AGENTS

Question 4

➔ Action: Mimic natural substances, interfering
with DNA and RNA synthesis.
➔ Examples: Methotrexate, 5-Fluorouracil.
➔ Side Effects: Mucositis, myelosuppression.

Answer 4

ANTIMETABOLITES

Question 4

➔ Action: Bind to DNA, inhibiting DNA and RNA
synthesis.
➔ Examples: Doxorubicin, Bleomycin.
➔ Side Effects: Cardiotoxicity, pulmonary fibrosis.

Answer 4

ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTICS

Question 4

BRMs

Answer 4

BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE MODIFIERS

Question 4

➔ Action: Block hormone receptors or decrease
hormone levels.
➔ Examples: Tamoxifen (anti-estrogen), Flutamide
(anti-androgen).
➔ Side Effects: Hot flashes, thromboembolism.

Answer 4

HORMONAL AGENTS

Question 4

➔ Action: Disrupt microtubule function, halting cell
division.
➔ Examples: Vincristine, Paclitaxel.
➔ Side Effects: Neuropathy, hypersensitivity

Answer 4

PLANT ALKALOIDS

Question 5

➔ Action: Inhibit specific molecules involved in
cancer growth.
➔ Examples: Imatinib, Trastuzumab.
➔ Side Effects: Skin rash, hypertension.

Answer 5

TARGETED THERAPY

Question 5

➔ Action: Enhance immune function.
➔ Examples: Interferons, Interleukins.
➔ Side Effects: Flu-like symptoms, fatigue.

Answer 5

CYTOKINES

Question 6

enhance the body’s immune response or modify
biological responses to cancer.

Answer 6

BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE MODIFIERS

Question 6

➔ Action: Target specific antigens on cancer cells.
➔ Examples: Rituximab, Bevacizumab.
➔ Side Effects: Infusion reactions,
immunosuppression

Answer 6

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

Question 7

4 TYPES OF BRMs

Answer 7

1. CYTOKINES
2. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
3. VACCINES
4. IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS

Question 8

➔ Action: Block immune checkpoints, enabling
T-cells to destroy cancer cells.
➔ Examples: Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab.
➔ Side Effects: Autoimmune reactions.

Answer 8

IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS

Question 8

➔ Action: Stimulate the immune system to target
cancer cells.
➔ Examples: HPV vaccine (preventative),
Sipuleucel-T (therapeutic).
➔ Side Effects: Injection site reactions, fever.

Answer 8

VACCINES

Question 8

4 NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

Answer 8

1. PRE-ADMINISTRATION
2. DURING ADMINISTRATION
3. POST-ADMINISTRATION
4. PATIENT SUPPORT

Question 9

2. DURING ADMINISTRATION
   UM

Answer 9

● Use protective equipment to handle cytotoxic
drugs.
● Monitor infusion sites for extravasation.

Question 9

1. PRE-ADMINISTRATION
   VE

Answer 9

● Verify patient identity, medication orders, and
dose calculations.
● Ensure baseline assessments (e.g., CBC, liver
and kidney function tests).

Question 10

3. POST-ADMINISTRATION
   MP

Answer 10

● Monitor for side effects (e.g., nausea,
myelosuppression).
● Provide patient education on side effect
management and infection prevention.

Question 11

4. PATIENT SUPPORT
   EA

Answer 11

● Emphasize the importance of hydration,
nutrition, and rest.
● Address emotional and psychological needs due
to hair loss or other changes.