nucleic acid Flashcards
An individual gets the information from its parents through
_____, the transfer of characteristics, anatomical or
biochemical, from generation to generation
heredity
Biologists suspected that the transmission of hereditary
information took place in the ____, more specifically in
structures called _____
nucleus. chromosomes.
Chemical analysis of nuclei showed chromosomes are made
up largely of proteins called ________
histones and nucleic acids.
- Are informational molecules made up of
polymers of nucleotides linked together
by phosphodiester bonds.
NUCLEIC ACIDS
-They act as repositories and
transmitters of genetic information
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Both RNA and DNA are polymers built from monomers
called
nucleotides.
A nucleotide is composed of:
a base (nitrogenous or amine bases)
a monosaccharide (pentose sugar)
and a phosphate group
Are heterocyclic ring compounds which consist of
nitrogen in addition to carbon and hydrogen.
AMINE BASES
D-ribose is found in _ nucleotides,
RNA
while 2’-deoxy-D-ribose is found in ___ nucleotides.
DNA
The _______are
numbered to facilitate identification and naming of
many derivative compounds.
pentose sugar and the nitrogenous bases
a nucleic acid constituent
consisting of a sugar residue bonded to a
heterocyclic purine or pyrimidine base
NUCLEOSIDE –
a nucleic acid constituent
consisting of a sugar residue bonded to
both a heterocyclic purine or pyrimidine
base and to a phosphate group
NUCLEOTIDE –
serves regulatory functions outside
the cell, such as in glycogen metabolism.
regulates the break down of glycogen.
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
2 important features of all polynucleotide
. A polynucleotide has a sense of
directionality
DNA structure
b. A polynucleotide has individuality,
determined by the sequence of its
bases (the nucleotide sequence)
– small proteins that participate
in forming the nucleosomal structure of
the chromatin
HISTONES
– the total genetic information contained in a cell,
an organism or virus.
Genome
MRNA contains a sequence of three bases specifying for
an amino acid. This sequence is called a ___
codon.
: Formed directly by
DNA transcription and converted to mRNA at posttranscription processing
Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)
Facilitates the conversion of hnRNA to
mRNA.
Small nuclear RNA
– the transfer of
information to DNA for its conservation
from cell to cell
REPLICATION
A section of DNA that, when
transcribed, codes for a protein or RNA.
Known as the coding sequences,
short for “expressed sequences”.
Exon:
A section of DNA that does not code
for anything functional.
Known as the noncoding sequences,
short for “intervening sequences”.
Intron:
Enzymes called __ catalyze
transcription
polymerases (poly)
