defierncy Flashcards

Question

VITAMIN K – MENAQUINONE (From animal source) & PHYLOQUINONE (from plant source) FUNCTION DEFICIENCY EXCESS SOURCES

Answer 1

FUNCTION - Normal blood clotting, bone metabolism, newborn injection at birth to prevent hemorrhagic disease (due to sterile gut); Antagonist to coumadin DEFICIENCY - Increased bleeding times, delayed blood clotting in adults, long term use of antibiotics destroy intestinal flora decreased bacterial synthesis of Vit K EXCESS – Jaundice in infants, formation of blood clots, kernicterus- lack of energy & muscle spasms, SOURCES - Liver, dark green leaves, cabbage, wheat bran, vegetable oils, especially soybean

Answer 2

fUNCTION - required for proper growth development and tissue healing, helps maintain healthy skin, tongue, mouth, and normal vision, coenzyme in protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism DEFICIENCY- Ariboflavinosis or mouthsores, Cheilosis -scales and cracks on lips and mouth, glossitis SOURCES - cheese, milk, eggs, liver, organs, whole grains, legumes, leafy green vegetables, and seaweeds

Answer 3

FUNCTION – Coenzyme in CHO metabolism, Muscle energy, Gastrointestinal support, Cardiovascular support DEFICIENCY – Beriberi, CNS and CV problems, Numbness of extremities EXCESS - None SOURCES - liver and organ of meats of animals, egg yolk, unpolished rice, whole grains, legumes (black eyed peas) and nuts, some shellfish

Answer 4

FUNCTION – respiratory enzyme energy metabolism, fatty acid synthesis /oxidation, and protein synthesis (amino acid tryptophan) DEFICIENCY - Pellagra – classic deficiency disease characterized by 4Ds, dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, and death EXCESS - Acidity of the Stomach. Hi uric acid SOURCES - liver, organs, lean meats, fish, poultry, milk, cheese and eggs, legumes, nuts, whole grains, enriched cereals, and green vegetables, coffee

Answer 5

FUNCTION - fatty acid metabolism, cell synthesis, heme production, helps maintain normal growth, healthy skin, and integrity of the central nervous system, Essential for carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism DEFICIENCY – Insomnia, Muscle cramps, tingling sensation (burning feet syndrome) SOURCES - Liver, other glandular organs, meats, eggs, milk, cheese, avocados, cashew nuts and peanuts, brown rice, soy, legumes and broccoli

Answer 6

FUNCTION - essential in many biochemical processes by which foods are metabolized by the body, made by intestinal bacteria in the body DEFICIENCY - Anemia, CNS hyper-irritability, Dermatitis EXCESS – Found only in rats SOURCES - Vegetable oils of corn, cottonseed, linseed, olive, peanut, wheat germ, wheat and rice germ, lard and legumes

Answer 7

FUNCTION - helps in the synthesis of fatty acids, and carbohydrates DEFICIENCY - True biotin deficiency does not occur, even in poor diet EXCESS - No toxic effects of excessive biotin have been observed in humans SOURCES - Liver or other glandular organs, meats, egg yolk, milk, molasses, whole grains, legumes, and nuts

Answer 8

FUNCTION - synthesis of amino acids and hemoglobin, lower neural tube defect in fetus; essential for the formation of both RBC and WBC in the bone marrow and for their maturation DEFICIENCY - Megaloblastic anemia and other blood disorder, Glossitis –inflammation of the tongue, Poor growth, neural tube defect in newborn SOURCES - Liver, kidney, beans, lima beans, and fresh dark green leafy vegetables especially spinach, asparagus, and broccoli, lean beef, potatoes, whole-wheat bread, dried bean

Answer 9

FUNCTION - Hemoglobin synthesis, fatty acid metabolism DEFICIENCY - Pernicious anemia, GI findings, Poor muscle condition EXCESS- overdose: Allergic shock, especially when vitamin is injected SOURCES - Organ meats, clams, oysters, grains

Answer 10

Aids in tissue building and metabolic reactions Collagen formation - Iron absorption - Helps build body resistance against infections. - has an antioxidant action - Lowered resistance to infections - Scurvy

Answer 11

FUNCTION - Hard materials of bone and teeth; muscular contraction and relaxation; nerve transmission, cardiovascular support DEFICIENCY - Osteoporosis, Tetany- muscle spasm, ECG changes, retarded growth, rickets EXCESS - Kidney stones, hypercalcemia. constipation SOURCES – green leafy vegetables, fish, milk, some shellfish, cheese Give with Vit D

Answer 12

FUNCTION - Bone nourishment, catalyst for many enzyme reactions, nerve or muscle functions, Cardio Vascular support DEFICIENCY - Hypomagnesemic tetany on infants and children, weakness, dysrhythmias, seizure, eclampsia EXCESS - Kidney stones, decreased muscle control, CV changes SOURCES - Nuts, soybeans, meat, milk, cocoa, seafoods, whole grains, dried beans, peas, green leafy vegetables Incompatible with some antibiotics. Give PO, 2 hrs. apart

Answer 13

FUNCTION - Maintains fluid volume balance (ADH), acid-base balance, allows muscle contractions, cardiovascular support DEFICIENCY - Muscle cramping, CV changes EXCESS - Fluid retention, hypertension, CVA SOURCES - Table salt, added salts, processed foods, canned goods, butter, carrots, celery, beets, soy souce(toyo), catsup, spinach, peas, vetsin, fish sauce (patis), preservatives and additives Monitor BP, edema

Answer 14

FUNCTION - Fluid and electrolyte balance and acid-base balance; contributes to the acidity necessary for the stomach (HCI); bonds to other minerals (especially sodium) to facilitate cellular actions and reactions DEFICIENCY – Failure to thrive, Rare: alkalosis EXCESS - In concert with sodium, results in high blood pressure SOURCES - Table salt (NaCI) Monitor sodium leve

Answer 15

FUNCTION - Bone and teeth formation, acid- base balance, component of every cell, energy transfer of RNA/DNA DEFICIENCY - Calcium level changes, muscle weakness EXCESS - Skeletal porosity, decreased calcium levels, must stay in balance with calcium SOURCES - Cheese, milk, dairy products, meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dried beans Note: Evaluate the use of antacids (note type) and the use of alcohol

Answer 16

FUNCTION - Maintain fluid volume inside/outside cells, muscle action/relaxant, blood pressure, cardiovascular support DEFICIENCY - Dysrhythmias, muscle cramps, mental confusion, abdominal distension, apathy EXCESS - Hyperkalemia, Dysrhythmias (caused by supplements, potassium-sparing diuretics ACE inhibitors, inadequate kidney function, diabetes) SOURCES - Dried fruits, oranges, avocados, meats, broccoli, bananas PO tabs irritate GI system, give with meals

Answer 17

fUNCTION - Carrier of oxygen needed for cellular respiration, hemoglobin formation, involved in the conversion of betacarotene into vitamin A, antibody production, collagen synthesis DEFICIENCY - Anemia EXCESS – Hemosiderosis excessive accumulation of iron deposits, Hemochromatosis iron overload SOURCES -Organ meats, egg yolks, whole grains, and green leafy vegetables Vit C increases absorptio

Answer 18

FUNCTION - Use for synthesis of thyroxine regulates metabolism DEFICIENCY – Goiter -enlargement of thyroid gland , cretinism, myxedema SOURCES - Seafoods, seaweeds, iodized salt

Answer 19

FUNCTION – Strengthening of bones and teeth DEFICIENCY – Tooth decay EXCESS - dental fluorosis or skeletal fluorosis (hypomineralization), which can damage bones and joints. SOURCES - water, tea, coffee, shellfish, potatoes, and grapes