gesocscie Flashcards
“Know Yourself”
Socrates
He is concerned with the problem of the self.
Socrates
“Know yourself”
. Each man is to examine oneself
and to bring his inner self to light.
Socrates
“An unexamined life is not worth living”
. A bad
man is not virtuous through ignorance.
Socrates
Virtue- the core of Socratic Ethics. This is the
deepest and most basic nature of man.
Socrates
Knowing one’s own virtue is necessary and can
be learned
Socrates
He believed in Dualism. That the man possesses
both body and soul. The body is imperfect and
nonpermanent. While the soul is perfect and
permanent.
Socrates
“The Ideal Self,
Perfect Self”
Plato
There are 3 components to the soul:
Rational soul:
o Spirited soul:
Appetitive sou
Rational soul: reason and intellect to govern
affairs
Plato
Spirited soul: emotions should be kept at bay
Plato
When 3 components to the soul are attained, the human person’s soul
becomes just and virtuous.
Plato
Appetitive soul: base desires (food, drink, sleep,
sexual needs, etc.)
Plato
3 components to the soul by
constant remembering through contemplation and
doing good he can gain perfection
Plato
“I think therefore, I
am”
Rene Descartes
He states that the self is a thinking entity distinct
from the body. It is independent of each other.
Rene Descartes
He is considered the Father of Modern Philosophy
* Human person= body +mind
Rene Descartes
“Cogito, ergo sum”
- I think therefore I am.
Rene Descartes
- According to him the only thing one can’t doubt is
the existence of the self.
Rene Descartes
One must use his own mind and thinking abilities to
investigate, analyze, experiment, and develop
himself
Rene Descartes
Personal Identity
John Locke
he holds that personal identity (the self) is a
matter of psychological continuity
John Locke
For him, personal identity is founded on consciousness
(memory) and not on the substance of either
the soul or body.
John Locke
Personal identity is the concept about oneself that
evolves over the course of an individual’s life
John Locke
“The Self is the Bundle
Theory of the Mind”
David Hume
he is skeptical about the existence of the self,
specifically, on whether there is a simple, unified self
that exists over time.
David Hume
For him “the self is nothing but a bundle of impressions
and ideas”
David Hume
Impression- the basic objects of our experience/sensation.
This forms the core of our thoughts.
David Hume
Idea- these are our copies of impression. This is not
considered as “real” as impressions
David Hume
He asserts that what we call the “self” is really just
“a bundle or collection of different perceptions
David Hume
- In short, we want to believe that there is a unified,
coherent self, soul, mind etc. but actually the self is .
David Hume
There is a mind that regulates these impressions
Immanuel Kant
Respect for Self
Immanuel Kant
He agrees with Hume that everything starts with
perception/sensation of impressions.
Immanuel Kant
Time, space etc. are ideas that one cannot find in the
world, but it is built in our minds.
Immanuel Kant
Love and Justice as the
Foundation of the Individual
Self
san agustin
he believes that a virtuous
life is a dynamism of love.he
St. Augustin
“apparatus of the mind. The self organizes different
impressions that one gets in relation to his own
existence.
Immanuel Kant
The self is not only a personality but also the seat of
knowledge.
Immanuel Kant
A social science that studies human societies,
their interactions, and the processes that
preserve and change them
Sociology
Loving God means loving one’s
fellowmen; and loving one’s fellowmen
denotes never doing any harm
to another.
St. Augustin
“The soul is what makes us humans
St. Augustin
Sociology comes from the latin word “socios”
which means_____ and “Logos” that
means
“companion”
“The study of”.
He is perhaps best know for his concept of the
looking glass self, which is the concept that a
person’s self grows out of society’s interpersonal
interactions and the perceptions of others.
Charles
Cooley
The term “looking glass self” was first used by
Cooley in his work, Human Nature and the Social
Order in 1902
Charles
Cooley
The concept of the “looking glass-self” is undoubtedly
his most famous, and is known and accepted by most
psycologists and sociologist today.
Charles
Cooley
his theory of the self is completely social.
Yourself develops through interacting with others,
through reflecting on that interaction, to thinking
how others are perceiving you, and that helps you
generate an image of your self
George
Herbert
Mead
he theorized that the self has two parts:
Self awareness and Self image.
George
Herbert
Mead
Language develops self by
allowing individuals
symbols,gestures,words and
sounds.
Preparatory Stage
Each situation is a new scene and we perform
different roles depending on who is present.
Erving
Goffman
Play develops self by allowing
individuals to take on different roles,
pretend and express expectation of
others. Play develops one’s self
consciousness through role-playing.
Play Stage
His theory of the social self includes the
concepts of “I” and “me”
George
Herbert
Mead
Agents of
Socialization
Family School Peers Media Religion
We use “impression management” to present
ourselves to others as we hope to perceived
Erving
Goffman
In his theory of dramaturgical analysis, he argued
that people live their lives much like actors
performing on a stage
Erving
Goffman
