asepsis Flashcards
o Collective vegetation in an area
Resident flora
o Growth of microorganisms in body tissue where
they are not usually found
- Infection
If the microorganism produces no clinical evidence
of disease, the infection is called
asymptomatic or
subclinical.
Detectable alteration in normal tissue function
Disease
Ability of a microorganism to produce disease
Virulence
Transferable to individual by direct or indirect contact
Communicable disease
Ability to produce disease
Pathogenicity
o Freedom from disease-causing organisms
Asepsis
- All practices intended to confine a specific
microorganism to a specific area - Limits number, growth, and transmission of
microorganisms - Objects referred to as clean or dirty (soiled,
contaminated)
Medical asepsis
- Practices that keep area or object free of all
microorganisms - Practices that destroy all microorganisms and
spores - Used for all procedures involving sterile areas
of the body
Surgical asepsis (sterile technique)
TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS THAT CAUSE iNFECTIONS
o Primarily consist of nucleic acid
- Viruses
is the state of infection
Sepsis
TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS THAT CAUSE
INFECTIONS
Bacteria
- Viruses
- Fungi
- Parasites
TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS THAT CAUSE iNFECTIONS
o Most common
- Bacteria
TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS THAT CAUSE iNFECTIONS
o Yeasts and molds
- Fungi
TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS THAT CAUSE iNFECTIONS
o Primarily consist of nucleic acid
Viruses
TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS THAT CAUSE iNFECTIONS
o Live on other living organisms
Parasites
TYPES OF INFECTIONS
Colonization
Local infection
Systemic infection
Bacteremia
Septicemia
Acute infections
Chronic infections
Septicemia
TYPES OF INFECTIONS
o the process by which strains of microorganisms
become resident flora.
Colonization
TYPES OF INFECTIONS
o Limited to a specific body part
Local infection
TYPES OF INFECTIONS
o Spreads and damages different body parts
Systemic infection
TYPES OF INFECTIONS
o Microorganisms in the blood
Bacteremia
TYPES OF INFECTIONS
o Systemic infection resulting from bacteremia
Septicemia
TYPES OF INFECTIONS
o Appear suddenly or last a short period of time
Acute infections
TYPES OF INFECTIONS
o May occur slowly over a long period
o May lasts months or years
Chronic infections
TYPES OF INFECTIONS
o When bacteremia results in systemic infection
Septicemia
NOSOCOMIAL AND HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS
Nosocomial Infections
Endogenous
Exogenous
Diagnostic or therapeutic procedures
NOSOCOMIAL AND HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS
o Infections that originate in the hospital
o Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)
Nosocomial Infections
NOSOCOMIAL AND HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS
o From clients themselves
Endogenous
NOSOCOMIAL AND HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS
o From hospital environment, personnel
Exogenous
NOSOCOMIAL AND HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS
o Iatrogenic infections
* Compromised host
* Poor hand hygiene major contributor
Diagnostic or therapeutic procedures
Protect person against all microorganisms
regardless of prior exposure
Nonspecific defenses
o Directed against identifiable bacteria, viruses, fungi
Specific (immune) defenses
Suffix –it is
inflammation
Inflammatory Response
Five signs
- Pain
- Swelling
- Redness
- Heat
- Impaired function
Inflammatory Response
First stage
- Vascular and cellular response
Inflammatory Response
Second stage
- Exudate production
Inflammatory Response
o Third stage
- Reparative phase
Leukocytes
o Leukocytosis
Vascular and cellular response
▪ Replacement of destroyed cells by
identical, similar cells
o Regeneration
▪ Fragile, gelatinous tissue in early
stages of repair process
o Granulation tissue
o Dead cells, tissue, escaped fluid from
blood vessels
Exudate production
o Substance that induces a state of sensitivity or
immune responsiveness (immunity)
Antigen
o When proteins originate in person’s own body
Autoantigen
o Also known as cellular immunity
- Cell-Mediated Defenses
- Cell-Mediated Defenses
o Three groups of activated T cells
- Helper T cells
- Cytotoxic T cells
- Suppressor T cells
Agents that inhibit the growth of some
microorganisms
Antiseptics
Agents that destroy pathogens other than spores
Disinfectants
