Lipids

Question 1

A heterogeneous class of naturally occurring organic compounds classified
together on the basis of common solubility properties.

Answer 1

Lipids

Question 2

Substances made up of different compositions and structures.

Answer 2

Lipids

Question 3

Insoluble in water, but soluble in organic (nonpolar) solvents including diethyl
ether, dichloromethane, and acetone.

Answer 3

Lipids

Question 4

Compounds with a waxy, greasy or oily characteristic, commonly found in

Answer 4

plants
and animals.

Question 5

lipids are Insoluble in water, but soluble in organic (nonpolar) solvents including ______

Answer 5

diethyl
ether, dichloromethane, and acetone.

Question 6

Energy-storage lipids

Answer 6

triacylglycerols

Question 7

Membrane lipids

Answer 7

• phospholipids, sphingoglycolipids, and cholesterol

Question 8

Emulsification lipids

Answer 8

• bile acids

Question 9

Chemical messenger lipids

Answer 9

steroid hormones and eicosanoids

Question 10

Protective-coating lipids

Answer 10

biological waxes

Question 11

• Lipids exhibit structural diversity.
• Some are ___ some are ____and some are _____
  and some are

Answer 11

esters,, amides, alcohols (acyclic and cyclic), polycyclic.

Question 12

CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS
Two Main Classes:

Answer 12

Saponifiable lipids

Nonsaponifiable lipids

Question 13

can undergo saponification reaction, a process of
hydrolyzing esters under basic conditions.

Answer 13

Saponifiable lipids

Question 14

these are esters and thus all
belong to the first class.

Answer 14

Triglycerides, waxes, phospholipids, and sphingolipids

Question 15

this is also Further classified as simple and complex lipids, based on the number of
components in their structure.

Answer 15

Saponifiable lipids –

Question 16

Simple lipids are made up of____while complex lipids
are made of ________

Answer 16

fatty acids and an alcohol

fatty acids, an alcohol, plus other components.

Question 17

are not esters and cannot be hydrolyzed.
* Steroids and prostaglandins belong to this class.

Answer 17

Nonsaponifiable lipids

Question 18

simple lipids:

Answer 18

waxes, triglycerides

Question 19

complex lipids

Answer 19

phosphoglycerides, spingolipids

Question 20

nmonsaponifiable lipids

Answer 20

steroids, prostaglandins

Question 21

Lipids fundamental building blocks.

Answer 21

FATTY ACIDS

Question 22

When in aqueous solution, ions of fatty acids
associate with one another to form a spherical
clusters, called

Answer 22

micelles.

Question 23

Nonpolar chains are held together by ___

Answer 23

weak
dispersion forces.

Question 24

Large micelles contains large number of ____

Answer 24

fatty acid
molecules.

Question 25

___are important in a number of biological functions, such as the transport of insoluble lipids in the blood.

Answer 25

Micelle formation and structure

Question 26

COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF FATTY ACIDS FOUND IN NATURAL LIPIDS

Answer 26

* Straight-chains carboxylic acids (unbranched). * Most common fatty acids has size ranging from 10 to 20 carbons. * Even number of carbon atoms.

Question 27

NATURAL LIPIDS Two types:

Answer 27

Saturated * Unsaturated

Question 28

all C-C bonds are single bonds, no double bonds

Answer 28

Saturated

Question 29

contains one or more double bonds

Answer 29

Unsaturated

Question 30

one C=C bond

Answer 30

Monounsaturated

Question 31

2 or more C=C bonds present - up to six double bonds are present in fatty acids

Answer 31

Polyunsaturated

Question 32

Two shorthand notations used for representing fatty acids:

Answer 32

Delta notation (Δ) Omega notation (ω) (unsaturated)

Question 33

counting of C starts from the carboxyl end

Answer 33

Delta notation (Δ) -

Question 34

– reference is the methyl end carbon, which is the opposite of delta carbon; also known as the nutritional notation.

Answer 34

Omega notation (ω) (unsaturated) –

Question 35

Ω-3 family

Answer 35

– linolenic acids

Question 36

Ω-6 family

Answer 36

linoleic and arachidonic acids

Question 37

Ω-9 family

Answer 37

oleic acid

Question 38

creates a long characteristic bend, or kink in the fatty acid chain that is not found in saturated fatty acids.

Answer 38

Cis configuration

Question 39

Most of unsaturated fatty acids exist in nature usually contain ___ in the cis configuration.

Answer 39

double bonds

Question 40

The longer the C chain the ___ the melting point

Answer 40

higher

Question 41

Three essential fatty acids:

Answer 41

Linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid) * Linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid) * Arachidonic acid

Question 42

Prevents cardiovascular diseases, heart diseases

Answer 42

* Linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid) * Linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid)

Question 43

are both used to produce hormone-like substances that regulate a wide range of functions and characteristics such as inflammation response to injury and infection, blood pressure, blood clotting, blood lipid levels and immune response.

Answer 43

Linoleic and linolenic acids

Question 44

is not found in plants, but can be synthesized by mammals only from linoleic acid.

Answer 44

Arachidonic acid

Question 45

A triester of glycerol with three fatty acids.

Answer 45

Triglyceride

Question 46

In triglycerides, all three _____ of glycerol are esterified with fatty acids.

Answer 46

hydroxyl groups

Question 47

In triglycerides, The reaction process involved is called

Answer 47

esterification

Question 48

Fats and oils that are produced naturally are

Answer 48

mixtures of triglycerides

Question 49

if the three –OH groups of the glycerol are esterified to the same fatty acids such as trispalmitin, triolein.

Answer 49

Simple TAGs

Question 50

different fatty acids are esterified to the –OH groups of glycerol.

Answer 50

Mixed TAGs

Question 51

Triglycerides rich in unsaturated fatty acids are generally liquid at room temperature and are called oils.

Answer 51

(Low melting points)

Question 52

Triglycerides rich in unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 52

Plant sources such as corn oil, sunflower oil

Question 53

Triglycerides rich in saturated fatty acids are generally semisolids or solids at room temperature and are called fats.

Answer 53

(High melting points)

Question 54

hydrolyzes fats and oils by treating with water and an acid catalyst to yield glycerol and fatty acids. The reverse process of ester formation. * The most important reactions of fats and oils.

Answer 54

Hydrolysis

Question 55

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