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biochem > MICROPARA 5 > Flashcards

MICROPARA 5 Flashcards

1
Q

are referred to as protists because
they are in the Kingdom Protista.

A

Algae and protozoa

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2
Q

(a thickened cell membrane)

A

pellicle

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3
Q

(a light-sensing organelle, also known as an eyespot),

A

a stigma

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4
Q

Most algal cell walls
contain

A

cellulose

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5
Q

are tiny, usually unicellular algae that live in
both freshwater and seawater

A

Diatoms

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6
Q

have been investigated for use as drug delivery systems in
medicine, and their potential use in nanotechnology has
drawn great interest.

A

Diatoms

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7
Q

are microscopic, unicellular, flagellated,
often photosynthetic algae.

A

Dinoflagellates

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8
Q

are responsible for
what are known as “red tides

A

Dinoflagellates

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9
Q

include many
different genera, all of which can be found in pond water

A

Green algae

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10
Q

The agar used as a solidifying agent in laboratory
culture media is a complex polysaccharide derived from a

A

red marine alga

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11
Q

One genus of algae is a very rare cause of
human infections

A

(Prototheca)

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12
Q

Most protozoa are

A

unicellular (single-celled)

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13
Q

Most protozoa are unicellular (single-celled), ranging in
length from

A

3 to 2,000 µm

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13
Q

Protozoa have no ___ and, therefore,
cannot make their own food by photosynthesis.

A

chlorophyll

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13
Q

cells are more
animal-like than plantlike.

A

Protozoal

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14
Q

Some
flagellates and ciliates ingest food through a primitive
mouth or opening, called a

A

cytostome.

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14
Q

A typical protozoan life cycle consists of two stages:

A

the
trophozoite stage and the cyst stage

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14
Q

(common pond water ciliates) possess both a pellicle
(thickened cell membrane) and a cytostome.

A

Paramecium spp.

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14
Q

Some pond
water protozoa (such as amebae and Paramecium) contain
an organelle called a ___, which pumps
water out of the cell.

A

contractile vacuole

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15
Q

The is the
motile, feeding, dividing stage in a protozoan life cycle

A

trophozoite

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16
Q

Amebae (or amebas) move by means of cytoplasmic
extensions called

A

pseudopodia

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16
Q

Protozoa are sometimes classified taxonomically by their

A

mode of locomotion.

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16
Q

is the nonmotile, dormant, survival stage.

A

cyst

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17
Q

Many parasitic protozoa are pathogens,
such as those that cause

A

malaria, giardiasis, African
sleeping sickness, and amebic dysentery

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18
Q

An ameba ingests a food particle (e.g.,
a yeast or bacterial cell) by surrounding the particle with
pseudopodia, which then fuse together; this process is
known as

A

phagocytosis.

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18
Q

When
fluids are ingested in a similar manner, the process is
known as _

A

pinocytosis.

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19
Q

Cilia exhibit an _
motion

A

oarlike

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19
Q

are the most complex of all
protozoa.

A

Ciliates

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20
Q

, transmitted by the tsetse fly, causes
African sleeping sickness in humans

A

Trypanosoma brucei

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21
Q

A pathogenic ciliate, causes
dysentery in underdeveloped countries.
It is
usually transmitted to humans from drinking water that has
been contaminated by swine feces

A

Balantidium coli,

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21
Q

is the only
ciliated protozoan that causes disease in humans

A

Balantidium coli,

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22
Q

Flagella exhibit a motion

A

wavelike

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23
Q

cruzi
causes American trypanosomiasi

A

Trypanosoma

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24
Q

causes persistent sexually
transmitted infections of the male and
female genital tracts;

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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25
Q

Nonmotile protozoa—protozoa lacking pseudopodia,
flagella, or cilia—are classified together in a category
called

A

sporozoa.

25
Q

causes a
persistent diarrheal disease

A

Giardia intestinalis

26
Q

The most important sporozoan pathogens
are the that cause malaria in many areas
of the world.

A

Plasmodium spp.

27
Q

“garbage disposers” of nature—the “vultures” of the
microbial world

A

Fungi

28
Q

Malarial parasites are transmitted by female
___mosquitoes, which become infected when they
take a blood meal from a person infected with malaria.

A

Anopheles

29
Q

It is estimated that ___ are the most diverse group of
organism on the earth

A

fungi

29
Q

The study of fungi is
called

A

mycology

30
Q

saprophytes, their main source of food
is dead and decaying organic matter.

A

fungi

31
Q

One way that fungi differ from plants and
algae is that they are ___ they have no
chlorophyll or other photosynthetic pigments

A

not photosynthetic;

31
Q

Fungal cell
walls do contain a polysaccharide called

A

chitin

32
Q

Yeasts and microsporidia are ))___whereas moulds
are

A

unicellular, multicellular

33
Q

Although many fungi are unicellular others grow as filaments called ____hyphae which intertwine to form a mass called a ___

A

, hyphae
, mycelium

34
Q

contain multinucleated cytoplasm (described as being
coenocytic).

A

Aseptate hyphae

35
Q

fungal cells can
reproduce by

A

budding, hyphal extension, or the formation
of spores.

36
Q

There are two general categories of fungal
spores:

A

sexual spores and asexual spores.

36
Q

—spores are produced by the fusion of two
gametes

A

Sexual

37
Q

__ spores are formed in many different
ways, but not by the fusion of gametes

A

Asexual

38
Q

the reproductive structure arises from a fungal component
called a conidiophore, then the spores are referred to as

A

conidia

39
Q

If the
reproductive structure is formed within a sac-like structure
called a sporangium, then the asexual form is referred to as
a sporangiospore

A

a sporangiospore

40
Q

The two phyla known as
“lower fungi” are the

A

Zygomycotina
the Chytridiomycotina (

41
Q

include the common bread moulds and other fungi that
cause food spoilage.

A

Zygomycotina

42
Q

The two phyla known as
“higher fungi” are the

A

Ascomycotina
Basidiomycotina

42
Q

Some fungi classification schemes contain a phylum
called

A

Deuteromycotina

43
Q

which are not
considered to be true fungi by some taxonomists, live in
water (“water moulds”) and soil

A

Chytridiomycotina,

44
Q

include some yeasts like Cryptococcus, some fungi that
cause skin infections and plant diseases, and the large
“fleshy fungi” that live in the woods

A

Basidiomycotina

44
Q

include certain yeasts like Candida species, moulds like
Aspergillus and Penicillium, and some fungi that cause
plant diseases

A

Ascomycotina

45
Q

Contained
in this phylum are fungi in which the sexual form of the
organism has not been discovered or that the organisms
have lost the ability to perform sexual reproduction.

A

Deuteromycotina

45
Q

Deuteromycota). This phylum is
sometimes referred to as the

A

Fungi Imperfecti.

46
Q

Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled (unicellular) organisms
that lack

A

mycelia.

47
Q

They usually
reproduce by budding (Fig. 5-12), but occasionally do so by
a type of spore formation.

A

Yeasts

48
Q

The common yeast
(“baker’s yeast”) ferments sugar
to alcohol under anaerobic conditions.

A

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

49
Q

are examples of yeasts
that cause human infections.

A

C. albicans and C. neoformans

50
Q

A few fungi, including some human pathogens, can live
either as yeasts or as moulds, depending on growth
conditions

A

Dimorphic Fungi.

51
Q

A new inclusion in the Kingdom Eumycota are a diverse
group of organisms called the . THEY are obligate intracellular parasitic fungi. For many years,
they were classified with the protozoa.

A

microsporidia.

52
Q

Microsporidia,they possess a
unique organelle called the

A

polar filament

53
Q

polar filament

A
54
Q

The large fungi that are encountered in forests, such as
mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, and bracket fungi, are
collectively referred to as

A

fleshy fungi

55
Q

A variety of yeasts and moulds cause human infections
(known as

A

mycoses

56
Q

Fungal infections are known as

A

mycoses

57
Q

are fungal infections of the outermost
areas of the human body, such as hair, fingernails, toenails,
and the dead, outermost layers of the skin

A

Superficial mycoses

58
Q

A group of moulds,
collectively referred to as dermatophytes, cause tinea
infections, which are often referred to as

A

“ringworm”
infections.

59
Q

(athlete’s foot)

A

tinea pedis

60
Q

, tinea
unguium

A

fingernails

61
Q

tinea capitis

A

scalp

62
Q

tinea barbae

A

(face and neck)

63
Q

(trunk of the
body

A

tinea corporis

64
Q

are fungal infections of
the dermis and underlying tissues

A

Subcutaneous mycoses

65
Q

They appear as colored, often
circular patches on tree trunks and rocks.

A

LICHENS

66
Q

it was thought that a represents a combination of
two organisms—an alga (or a cyanobacterium) and a
filamentous fungus—living together in such a close
relationship that they appear to be one organism.

A

LICHENS

67
Q

—a
relationship in which all parties benefit

A

mutualism

68
Q

which are found in soil and on rotting logs,
have both fungal and protozoal characteristics and have
recently been transferred out of the Kingdom Fungi and
placed in the Kingdom Protozoa;

A

SLIME MOULDS

biochem (51 decks)

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