Neuroscience Part 1 Flashcards
Popular but ill-fated theory that claimed bumps on the skull could reveal mental abilities and character traits
Phrenology
Study of the links between biology & behavior
Biological Psychology
A Nerve Cell
Neuron
Basic building block of the nervous system
Neuron
The formation of new neurons
Nuerogenesis
Bushy, branching extensions that recieve messages from other nerve cells
Dendrites
Conduct impulses toward the cell body
Dendrites
Extension that sends impulses to other nerve cells, muscle, and glands
Axon
Layer of fatty tissue that covers many axons
Myelin Sheath
Helps the speed of neural impulses
Myelin Sheath
Disease caused by loss of myelin sheath in the CNS
Multiple Sclerosis
Results in severe fatigue, problems with sensations, & difficulty with motor skills
Multiple Sclerosis
Body of the nerve cell containing the nucleus
Soma
End of the neuron that houses neurotransmitters
Terminal Branches/Buttons
Guide Neural connections to provide nutrients
Glial Cells
Insulated myelin while helping remove excess ions and neurotransmitters
Glial Cells
When a neuron is at rest
Resting Potential
The positive sodium ions are on the outside, negative potassium ions are on the inside
Resting Potential
Action Potential makes the ions switch places
Resting Potential
Membrane of the Neuron that allows the sodium and potassium to move in and out of the channel
Semi- Permeable
Neural impulse generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of the axon membrane channels
Action Potential
The increase in sodium ions moving inside the cell making the inside more positive then the negative
Depolarization
Results in the potassium ions to get pushed outside
Depolarization
After the charge moves to the next section of the axon channel
Hyperpolarization
The sodium ions shift back outside of the channel
Hyperpolarization
Level of stimulation that must be exceeded for the neuron to fire of generate an electrical impulse
Threshold
Either cells fire if the charge inside reaches a threshold or it doesn’t fire
All or nothing principle
Junction between the acon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite of the recieving neuron
Synapse
Tiny Gap at the junction that is called the _______ gap of cleft
Synape
