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ANATOMY > NERVOUS TISSUE (Lecture 7) > Flashcards

NERVOUS TISSUE (Lecture 7) Flashcards

1
Q

main function of nervous tissue

A

COMMUNICATION

coordinates body function w/ the internal and external env.

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2
Q

sensory input =

A

afferent = info brought from the periphery to the CNS

external stimuli: touch, pain, temp, muscle tension

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3
Q

motor output =

A

efferent = info LEAVING the CNS to the periphery

ex: skeletal muscle - voluntary movement like locomotion, chewing, refle

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4
Q

CNS is made up of the _____ and ______

A

Brain and Spinal cord

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5
Q

The Peripheral NS is made of the _____ + ______

A

cranial nerves + spinal nerves

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6
Q

Is there any connective tissue in the CNS?

A

NOOO

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7
Q

the 2 fundamental cells in the nervous tissue

A

Neurons (functional)
Glial cells (support)

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8
Q

what is included in Neuropil

A

synaptically dense regions composed of UNmyelinated axons, dendrites, and processes of glial cells

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9
Q

primary function of neurons

A

generate & propogate action potentials

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10
Q

functions of Dendrites

A
  • receive info from other neurons
  • have dendritic spines that increase the SA

dendrites have the same organelles as a cell body MINUS A NUCLEUS

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11
Q

what is unique about dendrite membrane receptors

A

they can change the potential of the cell membrane

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12
Q

what is contained within a Nissl body?

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes

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13
Q

what kind of DNA is found within a neuron cell body

A

Euchromatin

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14
Q

contents of a neuron cell body

A
  • nucleus
  • nucleolus
  • nissl bodies
  • golgi complexes
  • mitochondra
  • neuro filaments
  • microtubules
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15
Q

what are neurofilaments?

A

intermediate filaments that provide structural support to the cell

considered a cytoskeletal structure

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16
Q

function of the axons

A

transport impulses from the cell body

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17
Q

function of dendrites

A

receive external impulses and tranport them towards cell body

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18
Q

what does it mean that axonal transport is Bidirectional ?

A

synaptic vesicles can undergo anterograde or retrograde transport

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19
Q

what is axonal transport

aka exoplasmic tranport

A

axonal transport is the movement mechanism of mitochondra, lipids, synaptic vesicles to & from the cell body and axon

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20
Q

which type of axonal transport is fast

anterograde or retrograde

A

retrograde

transport TOWARD cell body when cell membranes are being returned to the cell body for reuse or degradation

21
Q

synapses are connections between ________ used for communcation

A

between NEURONS

22
Q

what initiates neurotransmitter release

A

action potential !

23
Q

the narrow gap that separates neurons

A

synaptic cleft

24
Q

synaptic vesicles contain ______?

A

Neurotransmitters

25
Q

what releases ACh from a motornueron and then propogates an action potential w/in the muscle fiber

A

the Neuromuscular synapse

26
Q

most common type of neuron

A

multipolar neuron

27
Q

where are pseudounipolar neurons found?

A

sensory ganglia

spinal nerve sensory ganglia and some cranial nerves

28
Q

what are ganglia?

A

clusters of cell bodies

29
Q

What are Glia cells?

A

Non-neuronal cells of the NS
- interstitial, supportive cells for neurons within the NS

Astrocytes, migroglia, schwann cells (PNS), oligodendrocytes (CNS)

30
Q

what are the primary immune defense cells of the CNS

A

microglia

10-15% of glia

31
Q

function of microglia?

A
  • can become phagocytic and antigen-presenting
  • remove damaged neurons and infectious agents
32
Q

astrocytes have ‘feet’ that help them support what 2 things?

A
  • BBB
  • Glia limitans (barrier b/w pia matter and CNS)
33
Q

where are Schwann cells found

A

PNS

34
Q

Where are oligodendrocytes found

A

CNS

35
Q

purpose of Schwann cells

A
  • myelinate PNS axons

can only myelinate a single internodal segment per axon

36
Q

purpose of oligodendrocytes

A

compose the myelin of the CNS

can myelinate more than one axon and more than one internodal segment per axon

37
Q

purpose of myelination

A

improves conductivity of axons, speeds things up

myelination electrically insulate axons to increase conduction

38
Q

where on an axon is myelin NOT found

A

initial segment and axon terminal

39
Q

name for regions where myelin is present

myelin present = insulated

A

internodal segments

40
Q

spaces b/w internodal segments

where axon is exposed

A

nodes of ranvier

41
Q

what is it called when an action potential ‘jumps’ from node to node

A

Salatory conduction

42
Q

myelin is a _____ rich structure

A

phospholipid

43
Q

what is the myelin sheath formed from

A

compressed layers of glial cell plasma membrane

44
Q

myelin sheaths

A
45
Q

________ envelops the myelin sheaths of individual axons of peripheral nerves

A

endoneurium
- composed of reticular fibers
- produced by schwann cells

46
Q

______ surrounds each bundle of nerve fibers (fascicle) of peripheral nerves

A

perineurium

47
Q

______ is a fibrous coating around an entire peripheral nerve, also fills the space b/w nerve fibers

A

Epineurium

48
Q

what are the 3 CT of peripheral nerves?

A

endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium

49
Q

explain why an ‘unmyelinated axon’ isn’t truly without schwann cells

A

these axons are smaller in diameter so they have slower conduction BUT they are still enveloped by glial cells

**enveloped not Wrapped is main difference

ANATOMY (58 decks)

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