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ANATOMY > CYTOLOGY (Lecture 2 - 3) > Flashcards

CYTOLOGY (Lecture 2 - 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Term for on the same side

A

Ipsilateral

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2
Q

Plane that divides the body into perfect right and left halves

A

Median plane

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3
Q

Planes that are parallel to the median plane (infinite in #)

A

Longitudinal plane

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4
Q

In limbs, dorsal refers to the ______ of the paws

A

Dorsal is the front (top) of the paws

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5
Q

In limbs, palmar/plantar refers to the _______ of the forepaw and hind paw

A

underside

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6
Q

(active) transport of material into or out of a cell by membrane-bound vesicles

A

vesicular transport

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7
Q

material for exocytosis is packaged into ________ vesicles by the ________

A

material for exocytosis is packaged into SECRETORY vesicles by the GOLGI APPARATUS

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8
Q

this type of secretion waits for a signal

A

regulated secretion

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9
Q

this type of secretion does not require signaling

A

constitutive (continuous secretion)

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10
Q

in this type of secretion, there is a congregation of vesicles near the Plasma membrane

A

regulated secretion

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11
Q

examples of cells that exhibit regulated secretion

A

serous & mucous secreting cells, mast cells

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12
Q

examples of cells that exhibit constitutive secretion

A

fibroblasts, plasma cells

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13
Q

3 types of endocytosis

A

pinocytosis (cellular ‘drinking’)
phagocytosis (cellular ‘eating’)
receptor-mediated endocytosis

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14
Q

pinocytosis forms pinocytotic vesicles called _______

A

caveolae

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15
Q

the engulfing of large particles, cellular debris and bacteria

A

phagocytosis (mostly done by macrophages)

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16
Q

What are the steps involved in Phagocytosis

A
  1. pseudopodia surround the material
  2. vesicles (phagosomes) are formed
  3. phagosomes fuse w/ lysosomes
  4. Lysosomes process/degrade/recycle the material
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17
Q

term for uncoiled DNA, present when the cell is undergoing active transcription

A

EUCHROMATIN
more electron lucent

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18
Q

term for coiled/condensed DNA, inactive (not being transcribed)

A

HETEROCHROMATIN
more electron dense

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19
Q

when looking at nuceli
How to determine if a cell is more ‘active’ than another

A

a more vesicular nucleus with more euchromatin

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20
Q

heterochromatin (Green dot)

A

inactive (DNA condensed)

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21
Q

euchromatin (black dot)

A

active transcription (DNA uncoiled)

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22
Q

organelle that is the ‘protein factory’

A

ribosomes

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23
Q

type of ribosomes that create cytoplasmic proteins (proteins for use within the cell)

A

Free ribosomes (polyribosomes)

24
Q

type of ribosomes that create membrane and secretory proteins (proteins that will go to the ER)

A

ER-bound ribosomes

25
Q

what job do these cells have

A

make proteins for secretion (rER)

26
Q

what job do these cells have

A

make proteins for secretion (rER)

27
Q

flattened sacs where proteins from the rER are packaged within cisterna

A

Golgi apparatus

28
Q

rough ER is located on the _____ face of the golgi

A

CIS face

29
Q

spherical, membrane-enclosed organelles that contain enzymes to degrade

A

lysozomes

30
Q

organelle that is the site of ATP synthesis

A

mitochondria

31
Q

the number of this type of organelle indicates the E requirements of the cell
- lots of these = very busy cell

A

mitochondria

32
Q

what are vesicular mitochondria?

A

mitochondria whose cristae extend into the matrix and make TUBULAR FOLDS

33
Q

Steroid hormone producing cells have what type of mitochondria

A

Vesicular

34
Q

type of ER that has no ribosomes, thus no protein synthesis occurs

A

Smooth ER

35
Q

Smooth ER is abundant in cells that do what…..

A

detoxify (like liver)
secrete steroid hormones

36
Q

when a cell has lots of smooth ER, it is likely construction stuff out of _____

A

fat

37
Q

Importance of cytoskeleton

A
  • cell shape (morphology)
  • cell mobility
  • interacts w/ extracellular matrix
38
Q

components of the cytoskeleton

A

actin (thin filaments)
intermediate filaments
Microtubules (thick filaments)

39
Q

what are the main functions of actin

A
  • help anchor cells to each other and the extracellular matrix
  • form the structural core of microvilli and stereocilia
  • movement
40
Q

what is the main function of intermediate filaments?

A

cell-to-cell adhesion
cell to ECM adhesion
has high tensile strength

41
Q

of the cytoskeleton filaments, which are constructed of different substances in different cells

A

intermediate filaments
ex: neurons made of neurofilaments

42
Q

what are the functions of the microtubules?

A
  • provide rigidity to cell shape
  • aid in intercellular transport
  • movement of cell (cilia, flagella)
43
Q

these are all types of?

A

microtubules

44
Q

organelles that are in the cytoplasm but NOT membrane bound

A

inclusions
ex: glycogen, pigmentation, lipids

45
Q

type of endocytosis termed “cellular eating”

A

phagocytosis

46
Q

type of endocytosis termed “cellular drinking”

A

pinocytosis

47
Q

what are the 3 types of endocytosis?

A

phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated

48
Q

what are the 3 types of exocytosis?

A

regulated, constitutive, receptor-mediated

49
Q

what enables a cell to maintain its same size

A

membrane trafficking such as thro pinocytosis

50
Q

what are characteristics of a phagocytic cell?

A
  • pseudopedia
  • phagosomes, lysosomes, phagolysosomes
51
Q

what is the function of phagocytic cells

A

defends host cell and cleans up after injury

52
Q

what does the nucleolus contain

A

rRNA

53
Q

what is contained in chromatin

A

DNA

54
Q

why do lysosomes have varying electron densities?

A

e- density is based on what they are digesting and how long they have been digesting it

55
Q

what things might lysosomes fuse with

A

autophagosomes
endocytotic vesicles
phagosomes

56
Q
A

microtubules

ANATOMY (58 decks)

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