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ANATOMY > EPITHELIUM (Lecture 4) > Flashcards

EPITHELIUM (Lecture 4) Flashcards

1
Q

5 main functions of the epithelial tissue

A

-protection (penis)
-secretion (sucking)
-transcellular transport (takes tons)
-absorption (additional)
-sensory detection (skills)

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2
Q

epithelial cells are attached basally to a ______ membrane

A

basal membrane

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3
Q

3 domains of the epithelial cells

A

apical
lateral
basal

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4
Q

domain that borders basement membrane and is related to underlying connective tissue

A

basal domain

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5
Q

domain that borders on the lumen

A

apical

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6
Q

domain that borders on neighboring cells

A

lateral domain

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7
Q

______ specializations of the plasma membrane often define the function of that epithelial cell

A

apical specialization (like if its cilia or microvilli)

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8
Q

function of microvilli

A

absorption
- extend into lumen to increase the SA for absorption

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9
Q

common areas for microvilli to be found

A

intestines and kidney tubules

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10
Q

cilia contain a core of _____

A

microtubules

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11
Q

what type of epithelial tissue is this

A

simple cuboidal

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12
Q

what type of epithelial tissue is this

A

pseudostratified columnar
characterized by nuclei located in at least two more-or-less distinct levels. But every cell rests on the basement membrane

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13
Q

type?

A

stratified squamous

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14
Q

type?

A

simple columnar

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15
Q

type?

A

simple columnar

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16
Q

what is this

A

microvilli

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17
Q

lateral interdigitations are abundant in what kind of cells

A

cells that are engaged in fluid transport (ex: intestines)

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18
Q

what is one thing lateral interdigitations do

A

increase lateral surface area

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19
Q

a surface layer that covers the cell membrane of many bacteria, epithelial cells or other cells.

A

glycocalyx

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20
Q

?

A

glycocalyx

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21
Q

3 parts of the junctional complex of the lateral interdigitation

A
  1. zonula occludens
  2. zonula adherens
  3. macula adherentes
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22
Q

zonula occludens AKA ___?___

A

TIGHT JUNCTION

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23
Q

zonula adherens AKA __?____

A

INTERMEDIATE JUNCTION

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24
Q

macula adherentes AKA ___?____

A

DESMOSOME (SPOT JUNCTION)

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25
Q

main function of zonula occludens (tight junction)

A

to form a protective barrier between epithelial cells
- Separates the luminal space from the intercellular space and the CT compartment

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26
Q

the ‘leakiness’ of the tight junction depends on

A

the number of ridges and grooves

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27
Q

main function of zonula adherens (intermediate junction)

A

cell to cell adhesion

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28
Q

main function of macula adherens (desmosomes)

A

cell to cell adhesion

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29
Q

in what types of cells would an abundance of gap junctions be found

A

in tissues that accomplish coordinated functions , cells that talk alot
(cardiac muscle, neurons)

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29
Q

specialized lateral domain that’s function is for exchange or signaling b/w adjacent cells

A

gap junctions “communicating junctions”

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30
Q

the basal domain is specialized for what

A

cell-to-ECM adhesion

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30
Q

the lateral domain is composed of _____ + _____

A

junctional complex + gap junctions

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31
Q

is the gap junction part of the junctional complex?

A

NO, the gap junction is part of the COMMUNICATING junction

32
Q

What are the differences b/w the basal lamina and basement membrane

A

the basal lamina is made of 2 layers while the basement membrane is composed of 3 layers

33
Q

the basement membrane seperates the epithelial tissue from ______

A

underlying connective tissue

34
Q

what are the components of the basement membrane

A

basal lamina + reticular lamina

35
Q

how do epithelial cells attach to the basal lamina?

A

vis spot welds (hemidesmosomes)

36
Q

term for “1/2 a desmosome”

A

hemidesmosomes

37
Q

part of the hemidesmosome that attach cell to the basal lamina and are associated with intermediate filaments

A

attachment plaques

38
Q

associated w/ actin filaments and are important for mechanoreception

A

focal adhesions

39
Q

type of epithelium that is tough and makes up most of the coverings/linings in the body

A

stratified epithelium (pic is non-keratinized)

40
Q

toughest and makes up most of skin

A

kertatinized stratified epithelium

41
Q
A
42
Q

2 types of glands

A

endocrine : secrete hormones into blood or lymphatic vessels

exocrine: secrete into ducts

43
Q

describe the characteristics of endocrine glands and cells

A
  • they are ductless: no, lumen
  • reverse polarity: polarized toward the basement membrane
  • produce hormones
  • secretion can be constitutive or regulated
44
Q

Exocrine glands can be classified based on their _____ and type of _____

A
  • structure (branching of the ducts)
  • type of secretion

structure: simple = little or no branching, compound: multiple layers of

45
Q

what does being avascular mean for epithelial tissue

A

it limits its size

46
Q

purpose of microvilli

A

extend into the lumen to increase SA for absorption
found in intestines and kidneys

47
Q

cross section of??

A

microvilli

48
Q

microvilli are composed of _____ and ______

A

actin core + terminal web (also made of actin)

49
Q

cilia have a core of _______ ?

A

microtubules, this allows for movement

50
Q

name of this arrangement of cilia

A

9 triplets

51
Q

name of this arrangement of cilia

A

9+2 arrangement

52
Q

as basal bodies get extended into the cilium, they rearrange into ________

A

the 9+2 arrangement

53
Q

basal bodies that develop from procentriole organizers are in the _______ arrangement

A

9 triplets

54
Q

3 functions of the lateral domain

A
  • forms a selective barrier
  • adherence
  • communication
55
Q

what is the benefit of lateral interdigitations?

A

increase lateral SA which increases absorption!

56
Q

another name for junctional complex

A

terminal bars

57
Q

what is circled

A

junctional complex

58
Q

the distance b/w adjacent cell membranes is spanned by ___________ that ‘link’ the cytoskeletons together

A

INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEINS aka “linking proteins”

59
Q

what are the components of the macula adherens (desmosomes “spot junction”)

A

attachment plaques
intermediate filaments
linking proteins

60
Q

specialized lateral domain, “communicating junctions” “nexus”

A

gap junction

61
Q

main function of gap junction

A

exchange or signaling b/w adjacent cells

62
Q

part of the junctional complex that is associated w/ intermediate filaments

A

macula adherens (desmosome)

63
Q

part of junctional complex associated w/ Actin

A

zonula adherens (intermediate junction)

64
Q

does the basal domain also exhibit infoldings

A

yes, esp in places that do a lot of absorbing like kidney

65
Q

whats this

A

focal adhesions (made of actin)

66
Q

what are these

A

intermediate filaments

67
Q

what is this

A

reticular lamina (secreted by connective tissue)

68
Q

what this

A

basal lamina (darker)

69
Q

what this

A

reticular lamina

70
Q

these attach the cell to the basal lamina and are associated with intermediate filaments

A

attachment plaques

71
Q

whats this

A

attachment plaque

72
Q

whats this (pink circle)

A

linking proteins

73
Q

type of glands that exhibit reverse polarity and therefore secrete basally

A

endocrine glands

74
Q

type of glands that secrete apically

A

exocrine glands that secrete into ducts or lumen

75
Q

2 types of secretion for exocrine glands

A
  1. serous (watery)
  2. mucous (mucousy)
76
Q

What is this arrangement found in cilia

A

9+2 arrangement of cilium

77
Q

what is this arrangement found in cilia

A

9 triplets found in basal body

78
Q

what are the two types of gland tissue

A
  1. PARENCHYMA (epithelial)
    —> working cells
  2. STROMA (CT)
    —-> supporting tissue
79
Q
A

ANATOMY (58 decks)

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