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ANATOMY > Lecture 12: Vertebral Column & Back Musculature > Flashcards

Lecture 12: Vertebral Column & Back Musculature Flashcards

1
Q

axial skeleton is composed of?

A

skull / cranium, vertebral column, ribs and sternum

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2
Q

appendicular skeleton is composed of?

A

limb bones, pelvis, scapula and clavicle

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3
Q

articulations that either firmly unite bones or allow for specific movements b/w bones

A

joints

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4
Q

movement that reduces the angle b/w bones

A

flexion

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5
Q

movement that increases angle b/w bones

A

extension

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6
Q

flexion or extension?

A

thoracic and lumbar vertebrae flexed

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7
Q

flexion or extension?

A

thoracic and vertebrae extended

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8
Q

what is this

A

lateral flexion - flexed to the right, extended to the left

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9
Q
A

spinous process

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10
Q
A

lamina

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11
Q
A

transverse process

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12
Q
A

pedicle

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13
Q
A

body

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14
Q
A

spinous process

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15
Q
A

transverse and caudal costal fovae

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16
Q
A

neural arch

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17
Q

how many vertebrae do all mammals have in the cervical region (neck)

A

7

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18
Q

thoracic region aka _____?

A

back

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19
Q

movements in joints of the vertebrae happen between ___________

A

vertebral bodies
vertebral arches

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20
Q

_____ joints allow sliding movement between articular processes of adjacent vertebrae

A

Synovial

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21
Q

_________, positioned b/w vertebral bodies, are compressible and absorb shock to allow movements along multiple axes

A

intervertebral discs

22
Q

the nucleus pulposis is a rumnant of which key embryological structure?

A

embryonic notochord

23
Q

a cartilaginous joint b/w two adjacent vertebral bodies

A

Intervertebral (IV) disk

24
Q

Joints vs Ligaments

A

joints allow for stereotypic, predictable movement
Ligaments LIMIT excessive movement across joints

25
Q

what ligaments are tensed here

A

supraspinous and interspinous ligament

26
Q

what two ligaments connect the spinous processes of vertebra and limit excessive flexion of vertebral column

A

supraspinous
interspinous
dorsal longitudinal
ventral longitudinal

27
Q

what ligaments are tensed here

A

ventral dorsal and longitudinal ligament

28
Q

this ligament supports much of the mass of the head without muscular effort

A

nuchal ligament
- found in animals like horses, cows, goat, sheep, animals that spend a lot of time eating off ground
- cats DONT have

29
Q

the supraspinous ligament continues into the neck as the _______ ligament

A

nuchal

30
Q

what two things do cats lack that most other vertebrate mammals have

A

supraspinous and nuchal ligaments

31
Q

the vertebral canal protects what

A

the spinal cord

32
Q

where do spinal nerves form and branch in

A

the intervertebral foramen

33
Q

_____ and ____ roots join to form the spinal nerve then branch into ______ and _____ rami

A

ventral and dorsal

34
Q

Ventral vs Dorsal Rami

A

Ventral Rami
- travel ventrolaterally
-are much larger

Dorsal Rami
- travel dorsally
- are small

35
Q

what does it mean that the spinal nerves are “mixed”

A

mixed meaning that all the spinal nerves carry somatic, motor, somatic sensory and autonomic (sympathetic) axons

36
Q

what muscle types mvoe the back and the limbs

A

epaxial and hypaxial

37
Q

muscles that support the vertebral column and are a major part of locomotion

A

epaxial

38
Q

where are epaxial muscles found in mammals

A

along a narrow region of the back and neck

39
Q

musculature in mammals that extends on to the back and contributes to limb movement?

A

hypaxial

40
Q

muscle contraction functions to bring _______ closer together

A

sites of attachment

41
Q

the proximal end of a muscle that remains fixed during contraction

A

Origin

42
Q

the distal end of a muscle that attaches to the mobile portion of bone

A

Insertion

43
Q

the peripheral nerve that provides motor iNnervation to and takes sensory innervation from a muscle

A

Innervation

44
Q

Product of the movement generated by muscle contraction

A

Product

45
Q

HYPAXIAL MUSCLES

A
  • function in limb movement & stability (locomotion)
  • hypaxial muscles that migrated dorsally during development are positioned superficial to the epaxial muscles
46
Q

The trapezius, latissimus, and serratus dorsallis are what type of muscle

A

HYPAXIAL

47
Q

______ muscles are the intrinsic muscles of the back

A

Epaxial

48
Q

the Iliocstalis, longissimus and transversopinalis systems are all what

A

Epaxial muscle

49
Q

a deep, dense fascia that gives attachment to multiple muscle groups. It can also provide stability and support to the caudal lumbar region

A

Thoracolumbar fascia

50
Q

which fundamental muscle group is innervated by ventral rami? which by dorsal rami?

A

ventral rami - hypaxial
dorsal rami - epaxial

51
Q

what ligaments prevent excessive extension

A

ventral and dorsal longitudinal ligaments

52
Q
A

ANATOMY (58 decks)

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