Lecture 23: Abdomen III: Foregut

Question 1

what are the 3 branches of the celiac artery

Answer 1

splenic branch (largest)
- supplies spleen, pancreas and part of stomach
hepatic branch
- supplies liver, gallbladder, pancreas, duodenum
left gastric
- supplies part of stomach, esophagus

Question 2

branches of the splenic artery

Answer 2

small pancreatic branches
left gastroepiploic (gastromentum)

Question 3

branches of left gastric artery

Answer 3

esophageal

Question 4

branches of the hepatic artery

Answer 4

proper hepatic arteries
- cystic
right gastric
gastroduodenal
- cranial pancreaticoduodenal
- right gastroepiploic

Question 5

what does the splenic artery supply blood to

Answer 5

spleen, pancreas, stomach

Question 6

what does the hepatic artery supply blood to?

Answer 6

liver, gallbladder, pancreas, duodenum

Question 7

what does the left gastric artery supply blood to?

Answer 7

stomach and esophagus

Question 8

where do the vagal trunks travel and what do they do

Answer 8

travel through the esophageal hiatus

deliver preganglionic sympathetic axons to the fore and midgut

Question 9

what is the function of the major and minor splanchnic nerves

Answer 9

to deliver preganglionic sympathetic axons from the abdomen to the celiac and cranial mesenteric ganglia where synapse will occur

Question 10

what is the route postganglionic sympathetic axons follow to the organs

Answer 10

celiac–>foregut–>cranial mesentertic–>midgut

Question 11

what are periarterial plexuses

Answer 11

blood vessels on which both postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic axons travel along to be distributed to organs

Question 12

once through the esophageal hiatus, what does the esophagus join with

Answer 12

the cardia of the stomach

Question 13

what tissues and cells are required for esophageal transport

Answer 13

stratified squamous epithelial cells (protection)

mucous glands (lubrication)

skeletal and smooth muscle

Question 14

what is the transitional anatomy that is evident in the esophagogastric junction

Answer 14

epithelium transitions from stratified squamous to simple columnar

Question 15

what are the functions of the stomach

Answer 15

• food reservoir
• secretes gastric juices
• rhythmic segmentation to
  begin the mechanical breakdown of food
• forms chyme
• initiates protein digestion

Question 16

purpose of gastric folds (aka rugae)

Answer 16

increase lumen surface area and allow for stomach expansion

Question 17

what are the 3 histologically distinct regions within the stomach

Answer 17

• cardia & pylorus (mucus glands )
• fundus and body (secretion of gastric juices)

Question 18

the invagination of epithelium cells within the stomach forms ?

Answer 18

gastic glands

Question 19

important cells found in the fundic gland?

Answer 19

simple columnar
- secrete visible mucous that prevents autodigestion

mucous neck
- columnar w/ microvilli
- soluble mucous

Parietal
- round cells
- produce HCl & gastric intrinsic factor

Chief
- columnar, found at base of gland
- produce and release pepsinogen, renin, gastric lipase
- initiate protein digestion

Question 20

purpose of parietal cells within gastric glands

Answer 20

secrete HCl

Question 21

purpose of chief cells

Answer 21

protein digestion

Question 22

what will be found in greater numbers in active parietal cells of the gastic gland compared to less active

Answer 22

more folds

Question 23

cells in gastric pit that are found at the base of gastric glands

Answer 23

chief cells

Question 24

function of pepsin

Answer 24

(from pepsinogen) degrades proteins into peptides

Question 25

what is the mucosa of the pyloric region characterized by

Answer 25

• deeper gastric pits
• branching, convoluted gastric glands
• gastric glands dominated by mucous secreting cells
• lacks rugae