Lecture 5: Thigh and Stifle Flashcards
the thigh is between the _____ and ______
pelvic girdle and stifle
movement of the thigh is achieved via muscles that move the ______ joint
coxo-femoral
what 3 joints does the stifle comprise ?
- Femoro-tibial joint
- Femoro-patella joint
- Proximo tibio-fibular joint
*Canines also have femoro-fabellar joint
how is it than an injection into any synovial joint compartment of the stifle will pass through all joints of the stifle
b/c the joints of the stifle are all connected within a single capsule
what do the blue dots depict
the fabellae of the femoro-fabellar joint in canines
FABELLAE = seamoid bone in proximal heads of the gastrocnemius
what meniscuses comprise the stifle
medial meniscus (green)
lateral meniscus (blue)
- fibrocartilage discs
- semilunar shape
what is the function of the medial and lateral meniscuses of the stifle
they stabilize the movement of the femoral condyles on the flat tibial condyles
what ligaments support the stifle joint?
Patellar ligament (cranially)
medial collateral (medially)
lateral collateral (laterally)
caudal cruciate (prevents caudal slip of tibia)
cranial cruciate
meniscofemoral (stabilizes menisci)
what are the main movements at the stifle
flexion and extension
what ligament loosens as the stifle is flexed, what ligaments twist
lateral collateral ligaments loosen as the cruciate ligaments twist
what happens to the lateral and cruciate ligaments as the stifle is extended
the lateral collateral ligaments tighten
cruciate ligaments ‘untwist’
what happens to the tibia during the flexion and extension of the stifle
flexion - tibia rotates internally on the femur
extension - tibia rotates externally
cruciate ligament tear
- acute trauma: caused by sudden rotation of a flexed stifle
- chronic: degenerative changes in ligaments
what are the muscles of the medial compartment of the stifle
Sartorius
Pectineus
Adductor
Gracilis
what are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the stifle
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
semimembranosus
what 4 muscles comprise the quadriceps femoris
Rectus femoris (ilium)
Vastus medialis *
Vastus lateralis *
Vastus Intermedius *
* proximal femur and shaft
what is the innervation of the quadriceps femoris
Femoral nerve
what is the insertion point for the quadriceps femoris
Tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament(s)
what is the action of the quadriceps femoris
extension of stifle
(rectus femoris also flexes hip)
unlike the dog, horses have 3 patellar ligaments, what are they?
intermediate patellar ligament (pink)
lateral patellar ligament (purple)
medial patellar ligament (red)
what muscle tendons help stabilize the stifle joint capsule (7)
- lntermediate patellar lig.
- lateral patellar lig.
- medial patellar lig.
- lateral collateral lig.
- medial meniscus
- lateral meniscus
what are the main arteries of the hindlimb
External Iliac a.
Femoral a.
Deep femoral a.
Saphenous a.
Cranial branch
Caudal branch
Politeal a.
Cranial tibial a.
Dorsal pedal a.
what are the main arteries of the hip
Femoral a.
Deep femoral a.
medial circumflex femoral
lateral cirucmflex femoral a.
Internal iliac a.
Caudal gluteal a.
Cranial gluteal a.
