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ANATOMY > Lecture 21 + 22: Eye and Orbit > Flashcards

Lecture 21 + 22: Eye and Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 tunics of the eye

A
  • fibrous (sclera) outermost
  • vascular (vascularized, composed of choroid, ciliary body and iris)
  • neural
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2
Q

what muscle constricts the pupil

A

constrictor pupillae
contained within the anterior layer of the iris

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3
Q

what muscle changes lens shape

A

ciliary muscle
contained w/in the ciliary body

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4
Q

what layer of the ye contains blood vessels

A

choroid

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5
Q

what muscle dilates the pupil

A

dilator pupillae
contain within the posterior layer of the iris

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6
Q

pathway of light through the eye

A

Cornea
aqueous humor
iris
lens
vitreous body
Retina

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7
Q

what part of the eye contains photosensitive rods and additional layers of specialized neurons

A

retina

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8
Q

photoreceptors that allow for vision in low light

A

rods
- only one type

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9
Q

photoreceptors that allow for vision in color and visual acuity

A

Cones

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10
Q

what are the 2 types of cones

A

short and medium wavelength sensitivities (blue vs green) in carnivores and artiodactyls

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11
Q

what is tapetum lucidum

A

functions as a reflector, redirects photons back through the retina
provides an additional chance for photoreceptors to capture photons

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12
Q

what does the optic disk serve as an exit for

A

retinal gangilon cell axons

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13
Q

what is the optic nerve formed from

A

bundles of axons from the retinal ganglion cells

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14
Q

pupil constriction reduced light entering the eye whereas _______ increases it

A

dilation

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15
Q

the lens is contained within a _____ ?

A

lens capsule

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16
Q

a rounder lens is for focus on ______ objects

A

nearer

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17
Q

a flatter lens is for focus on ______ objects

A

more distant

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18
Q

what muscles control the pupil diameter

A
  • dilator pupillae (sympathetic)
  • sphincter / constrictor pupillae (parasympathetic)
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19
Q

what is the purpose of tarsal glands embedded within the tarsal plates

A

tarsal glands are modified sebaceous glands that secrete an oily substance that increases the viscosity of tears and decreases tear evaporation from the surface of the eye

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20
Q

what is Chalazion

A

inflammation / blockage of the meibomian glands

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21
Q

what are commissures

A

meeting of upper and lower eyelid

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22
Q

what gland secretes tears

A

lacrimal gland
under automatic control

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23
Q

what cranial nerves are in the orbit

A

CN II - optic
CN III - oculomotor
CN IV - trochlear
CN V1 - opthalamic division of trigeminal
CN VI - abducens

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24
Q

CN II enters the orbit via the _______

A

optic canal

25
Q

CN III, IV V1 and VI enter the orbit through the…

A

orbital fissure

26
Q

how many extrinsic eye muscles attach to the eye and move it

A

7

(4) are recti
(2) obliques
(1) retractor bulbi

27
Q

what extrinsic eye muscle pulls the eye back into the orbit

A

retractor bulbi

28
Q

what nerve gets sensory info from the cornea and sclera

A

sLong ciliary nerve

29
Q

what nerves get sensory info from the nasal cavity

A

Anterior and Posterior ethmoidal nerves

30
Q

what nerve sends parasympathetic innervation to the pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscles

A

short ciliary nerves

31
Q

what nerve gets sensory input from the lacrimal gland, conjunctiva and upper eyelid

A

Lacrimal n.

32
Q

what produces the glycoprotein component of the tear film

A

goblet cells of the conjunctivae

the tarsal glands produce the oily superficial layer of the tear film

33
Q

what cranial nerve innervates the Orbicularis oculi

A

CN VII

34
Q

what cranial nerve innervates the levator palpebrae superioris

A

CN III

35
Q

what cranial nerve distributes sensory innervation to the cornea and sclera, nasal cavity and face

A

CN V1 (ophthalmic division of trigeminal)

36
Q

what nerve provides sensory info from the nasal cavity, cornea and sclera

A

Nasociliary n

37
Q

what nerve provides sensory info from the skin of the forehead and the scalp

A

Frontal n.

38
Q

what nerve provides sensory info from the lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, and upper eyelid

A

Lacrimal n.

39
Q

what nerve provides sensory info from the cornea and sclera

A

long ciliary nerves

40
Q

what nerves bring sensory info from the nasal cavity

A

anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves

41
Q

what nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscle

A

short ciliary nn.

42
Q

what eye muscle does the trochlear nerve innervate

A

dorsal oblique muscles

43
Q

what eye muscles does the abducens nerve innervate

A

lateral rectus and retractor bulbi

44
Q

what 4 cranial nerves carry parasympathetic innervation

A

Oculomotor (III) - ONLY
Facial (VII) - FANS
Glossopharyngeal (IX) - GETS
Vagus (X) - VIEWS

45
Q

What ganglia does CN III innervate

A

Ciliary ganglia

46
Q

what ganglia does CN VII innervate

A

Pterygopalatine (lacrimal) and Submandibular ganglia (salivation)

47
Q

what ganglia does CN IX innervate?

A

Otic ganglion (parotid gland salivation)

48
Q

what is the direct light reflex

A

pupil constricts in eye stimulated by light

49
Q

what is the consensual light reflex

A

pupul constricts in contralateral eye

50
Q

what are sinuses

A

small gaps between the folds of the dura and skull
they receive venous blood draining from the brain which then gets drained to the vertebral and internal jugular veins

51
Q

What are the extrinsic eye muscles that CN III innervates

A

Ventral oblique
Dorsal rectus
Medial rectus
Ventral rectus

52
Q

what extrinsic eye muscle does CN IV innervate

A

dorsal oblique

53
Q

what extrinsic eye muscles does CN VI innervate

A

lateral rectus
retractor bulbi (pulls eye backward into orbit and causes nictitans to protrude)

54
Q

what extrinsic eye muscles are used to look up

A

dorsal rectus and ventral oblique

55
Q

what extrinsic eye muscles are used to look down

A

ventral rectus and dorsal oblique

56
Q

what extrinsic eye muscle ADDucts the eye

A

medial rectus

57
Q

what extrinsic eye muscle Abducts the eye

A

lateral rectus

58
Q
A

ANATOMY (58 decks)

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