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ANATOMY > INTEGUMENT (Lecture 8) > Flashcards

INTEGUMENT (Lecture 8) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the integumentary system composed of ?

A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
  • epidermal appendages
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2
Q

integument aka ____ aka ____

A

skin aka cutis

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3
Q

characteristics of the integument

A
  • skin is the largest mammalian organ
  • invests the entire body
  • continuous w/ the epithelial linings of mouth, anus, urethra, ear, eyelids
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4
Q

epidermal _______ are found in the dermis but are epidermally derived such as nails, hair, glands

A

epidermal appendages

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5
Q

the layer of skin that forms the external surface, composed of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

layer within epidermis where:
- the keratinized layer is thicker
- LACKS hair, sebaceous glands, etc

A

thick skin of epidermis

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7
Q

layer within epidermis where:
- keratinized layer is thinner
- lacks stratum lucidum (basically artefact)
- HAS hair, sebaceous and sweat glands

A

thin skin of epidermis

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8
Q

the interior layer of skin composed of the papillary and reticular layers

A

DERMIS

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9
Q

what are the 2 layers of the dermis

A

Papillary - loose connective tissue that interdigitates with epidermis

Reticular - dense, irregular CT

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10
Q

loose connective tissue that contains fat and is not part of skin layers

A

Hypodermis (superficial fascia)

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11
Q

4 main cell types found in the epidermis

A
  1. Keratinocytes
  2. Melanocytes
  3. Langerhan’s cells
  4. Tactile (Merkel) cells
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12
Q

predominant cell type in the epidermis, is derived from ectoderm

A

Keratinocytes

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12
Q

function of keratinocytes

A

serve as a barrier to the external environment

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12
Q

cell type derived from the neural crest and secrete a pigment called melanin

A

melanocytes

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12
Q

function of melanocytes

A

protect the DNA of keratinocytes from UV radiation

** melanin gets phagocytosed by keratinocytes in the stratum basale and then the keratinocytes absorb the melanin

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13
Q

cell type derived from mesoderm (bone marrow), part of the immune system

A

Langerhan’s cells
**phagocytes

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14
Q

what are langerhan’s cells

A

phagocytes that capture foreign material in the epidermis and travel to regional lymph notes

***main function = present antigens to immune cells

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15
Q

cell type derived from ectoderm and act as mechanoreceptors associated w/ sensory nerve endings

A

Tactile / merkel cells

*sensitive to touch

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16
Q

The single layer of cells that rests on the basal membrane

A

Stratum basale

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17
Q

Layer of the epidermis where active mitosis occurs to form keratinocytes

A

Stratum basale

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18
Q

Tonofilaments

A

Intermediate filaments made out of keratin

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19
Q

Keratinocytes connect to each other via ____

A

Desmosomes

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20
Q

Keratinocytes connect to the basement membrane via _______

A

Hemi desmosomes

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21
Q

Epidermis cells that are characterized by having a large nucleus, abundant free ribosomes and they product tonofilaments

A

Keratinocytes

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22
Q

The stratum cornemuse is composed of _______

A

Keratinized dead cells

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23
Q

The stratum lucidum is essentially

A

Artefact (insignificant)

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24
Q

This layer of the epidermis is where the initiation of the binding of keratin and lipid envelope begins

A

Stratum granulosum

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25
Q

What layer of the epidermis is where the initial differentiation of cells begins

A

Stratum spinosum

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26
Q

Layer of epidermis that contains the stem cells of skins, where mitosis occurs

A

Stratum basale

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27
Q

Keratinocytes and tactile (Merkel) cells both originate from the _____?

A

Ectoderm

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28
Q

Type of epidermis cells that are characterized by rounded cell bodies, long extensions between cells that donate melanin and a lack of desmosomes

A

Melanocytes

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29
Q

What is the main function of melanocytes?

A

To protect the DNA of keratinocytes from UV radiation

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30
Q

Exposure to _______ increases the size and activity of melanocytes

A

UV Light

31
Q

Epidermis cells that are sensitive to touch

A

Merkel cells

32
Q

Cells found in the stratum spinosum layer

A

Keratinocytes and langerhan’s cells

33
Q

Main function of Langerhan’s cells

A

To present antigens to immune cells

34
Q

Main location of Langerhan’s cells

A

Stratum spinosum

35
Q

A thick connective tissue layer of the skin divided into 2 layers: the papillary and reticular

A

Dermis

36
Q

Collagen fiber types that make up both the papillary and reticular layers

A

Collagen type I & III

37
Q

A dense irregular CT layer of the dermis that has an abundance of collagen fibers and some elastic fibers
** provides strength and elasticity to skin

A

The Reticular layer

38
Q

A loose CT layer of the dermis that contains - lots of ground substance
- microvasculature
- anchoring fibrils
* does not have elastic fibers

A

Papillary layer

39
Q

Name for where the dermis and epidermis meet

A

Dermal junction

40
Q

The increased surface area at the dermal junction is due to __________ found at epidermal and dermal ridges

A

Interdigitations

41
Q

Sebaceous glands produce _______

A

Sebum = a lipid and cell debris containing compound that moisturizes hair

42
Q

Sebaceous glands are located all over the body except _________?

A

Where hair is lacking, like in thick skin

43
Q

What happens in Holocene secretion

A

The entire secretory cells get discharged and then destroyed in order for secretory product to be released

44
Q

What is sebum secreted through

A

Pilosebaceous canal

45
Q

Main roles of eccrine sweat glands

A
  • Temperature regulation (via sweat)
  • Excretion
46
Q

What two segments make up the eccrine sweat glands

A

Duct segment
- ducts open onto skin surface (sweat pores)
-NOT associated w/ hairs
-lined by stratified cuboidal epithelium

Secretory segment
- clear cells (product watery component)
- dark cells (protein component)
- contain myoepithelial cells for contraction

47
Q

Secretions excreted via exocytosis from secretory cells that go into epithelial wall ducts
cells DONT die

A

Merocrine secretion

48
Q

_______ sweat glands open into canals of the hair follicles and contain pheromones

A

Apocrine

49
Q

Apocrine sweat glands are made up of ?

A

One secretory segment
- one secretory cell type
-much larger lumen size
-myoepithelial cells for expressing

50
Q

What gland type is this

A

Apocrine sweat gland

51
Q

What type of gland is this

A

Eccrine sweat gland

52
Q

What kind of gland is this

A

Sebaceous gland

53
Q

What is circled here

A

Sebaceous glands

54
Q

What is in green

A

Hair follicle

55
Q

What is shown here

A

Arrector pili muscle

56
Q

What is shown here

A

Dermal junction

57
Q

What layer of the dermis is this?

A

Reticular layer
- dense CT

58
Q

What layer of the dermis is this?

A

Papillary layer
- loose CT

59
Q

The Golgi apparatus produces an oily lipid rich substance that gets secreted by __________ and acts as a water barrier

A

Lamellar bodies

60
Q

What part of the epidermis can lamellar bodies be found?

A

Stratum granulosum

61
Q

What do keratohyalin granules aid in

A

Keratohyalin granules aid in keratinization by aggregating tonofilaments into tonofibrils

62
Q

What is the purpose of tonofibrils

A

Tonofibrils help maintain proper water levels in the body

63
Q

What is shown here ?

A

Langerhan’s cells (L) and their long slender processes (CP)

64
Q

What layer of the epidermis is this?

A

Stratum spinosum “prickle cell layer”

65
Q

Physical characteristics of keratinocytes

A
  • cells are cuboidal and slightly flattened
  • cytoplasm contains tonofilaments
66
Q

What cells are these?

A

Melanocytes
- have very round cell bodies and long extensions

67
Q

Melanin gets phagocytosed by _______ in the stratum _______ and assumes a supranuclear position in their cytoplasm

A

Phagocytosed by Keratinocytes in the stratum basale

68
Q

characteristics of keratinocytes found in the stratum granulosum

A
  • flattened
  • still have nuclei
  • lysosomal enzymes digest organelles
  • contain KERATOHYALIN GRANULES
    - aid in keratinization by aggregating tonofilaments into tonofibrils
  • contain LAMELLAR BODIES
    - secrete oily substance that was produced by golgi
69
Q

characteristics of keratinocytes found in the stratum corneum

A
  • cells are flat
  • lack nuclei
  • lack organelles
  • keratinized
  • thick membranes
70
Q

hair is associated with _____ muscle and _____ glands

A

arrector pili muscle and sebaceous glands

71
Q

hair is important for ______ and _____

A

thermoregulation and display (behavioral)

72
Q

where are lamellar bodies found

A

stratum granulosum

73
Q

where are keratohyalin granules found

A

in the keratinocytes of the stratum granulosum

74
Q

the nodes of bizzozero found between keratinocytes are essentially just ______

A

desmosomes

75
Q

what cell makes tonofilaments

A

keratinocytes

76
Q

what layer of the dermis interdigitates w/ the epidermis at the dermal junction?

A

papillary later

77
Q

part of the epidermis that lacks a stratum lucidum

A

thin skin

ANATOMY (58 decks)

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